Use of nonwords is a potentially more appropriate method of assessment for English second language (EL2) learners. A mixed comparative design was used to compare the effects when using nonwords instead of picture-based stimuli to assess articulation of EL2 learners. Subaims were to compare results between two tests and age groups. In all, 16 Setswana L1 children assigned to two age cohorts were assessed using the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–second edition (GFTA-2), and nonword list was created via a registered Speech Motor Learning website. Results of the two assessments differed significantly, indicating that lack of semantic information may yield different outcomes for articulation assessments of EL2 learners. Speech sound differences on the GFTA-2 were sounds not found in L1. This agrees with previous research indicating incorrect diagnosis due to speech and language differences. There was no significant difference between the two age cohorts. This research forms the basis for investigations into nonwords as a more accurate method for assessment of EL2 learners.

中文翻译：

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非词关键词在英语第二语言学习者言语评估中的应用

对于英语第二语言 (EL2) 学习者来说，使用非单词可能是一种更合适的评估方法。当使用非单词代替基于图片的刺激来评估 EL2 学习者的清晰度时，使用混合比较设计来比较效果。Subaims 将比较两个测试和年龄组之间的结果。总共使用 Goldman-Fristoe 发音测试第二版 (GFTA-2) 对分配到两个年龄组的 16 名 Setswana L1 儿童进行了评估，并通过注册的言语运动学习网站创建了非单词列表。两次评估的结果显着不同，表明缺乏语义信息可能会导致 EL2 学习者的发音评估产生不同的结果。GFTA-2 上的语音差异是在 L1 中没有发现的声音。这与先前的研究一致，表明由于言语和语言差异导致的错误诊断。两个年龄组之间没有显着差异。这项研究构成了对非单词调查的基础，作为评估 EL2 学习者的更准确方法。