10 In two early WTO cases, the Appellate Body found a failure to engage in negotiations to be arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination under the GATT Article XX chapeau. Subsequent jurisprudence has not applied a negotiation requirement. Instead, it analyzes whether discrimination is arbitrary or unjustifiable by focusing on the cause of the discrimination, or the rationale put 15 forward to explain its existence, which would exclude a duty to negotiate in many circumstances. The issue of whether there is a duty to negotiate is a systemic issue for international economic law. The Article XX chapeau language appears in other WTO agreements and in other international economic law treaties, including those that address environmental protection, regional 20 trade and international investment. This article argues that there is no such duty in WTO law.

中文翻译：

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国际经济法是否规定了谈判的义务？

10 在 WTO 早期的两起案件中，上诉机构认定，根据 GATT 第 20 条起首部分，未能参与谈判属于任意或不合理的歧视。随后的判例没有适用谈判要求。相反，它通过关注歧视的原因，或提出 15 解释其存在的理由来分析歧视是任意的还是不合理的，这将排除在许多情况下进行谈判的义务。是否有谈判义务是国际经济法的系统性问题。第 XX 条开头语出现在其他 WTO 协定和其他国际经济法条约中，包括那些涉及环境保护、区域 20 贸易和国际投资的条约。本文认为 WTO 法律中没有这样的义务。