In Australia, many students, especially girls, choose not to study advanced mathematics in Year 12 even though their schools offer relevant subjects. Previous studies have rarely examined, using nationally representative samples of Australian students, the extent to which teenage educational experiences and occupational expectations influence gender differences in later pursuits of advanced mathematics subjects. To fill this gap, I use multilevel logistic regression models to analyse the data from the 2003 cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth. My results show that students’ mathematics achievement, occupational expectations and self-assessed mathematical competence are crucial in explaining why boys are considerably more likely than girls to enrol in advanced mathematics subjects. The gender gap would decrease greatly if girls were as likely as boys to perform well in mathematics, to aspire to mathematically intensive careers and to have more confidence in their mathematical abilities when they were 15 years old.

中文翻译：

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为什么青春期男孩在澳大利亚中学最后一年的高等数学科目中占主导地位？

在澳大利亚，许多学生，尤其是女生，在 12 年级选择不学习高等数学，即使他们的学校提供​​相关科目。以前的研究很少使用具有全国代表性的澳大利亚学生样本来研究青少年教育经历和职业期望对以后追求高等数学科目的性别差异的影响程度。为了填补这一空白，我使用多级逻辑回归模型来分析 2003 年澳大利亚青年纵向调查队列的数据。我的研究结果表明，学生的数学成绩、职业期望和自我评估的数学能力对于解释为什么男孩比女孩更有可能报读高等数学科目至关重要。