ABSTRACT

In this article, we examine the innovative behaviour of private manufacturing firms using a unique Innovation Follow-up Survey (2015) first time conducted by the World Bank for the Pakistan economy. To model the structural relationship between R&D, innovation, firm performance, and export we specify an extended version of CDM model proposed by Crepon et al. (1998. Research, innovation and productivi [Ty: An econometric analysis at the firm level. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 7(2), 115–158), modified by (Griffith, R., Huergo, E., Mairesse, J., & Peters, B. [2006]. Innovation and productivity across four European countries. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22(4), 483–498; Hall, B. H., Lotti, F., & Mairesse, J. [2009]. Innovation and productivity in SMEs: empirical evidence for Italy. Small Business Economics, 33(1), 13–33) and further extended by this study via introducing propensity to export stage. Our econometric results show that technological innovations (product and process innovation) have significantly positive impacts on firm performance which plays a key role in the firm’s decision to engage in exporting activities. The elasticity of labour productivity with respect to process is slightly higher than the product innovation. Robustness analysis reports that, except for organisational innovation, the predicted research intensity has a positive impact on innovation output no matter which proxy is used for the firm-level innovation. Moreover, non-technological innovations (marketing and organisational innovation) have no impact on firm performance for all the alternative econometrical specifications and are mostly in line with the existing literature. The findings have practical implications for policymakers with respect to firm productivity and export propensity, and highlight the significance of innovation in empowering firms to increase economic performance and catch up.

摘要

在本文中，我们使用世界银行对巴基斯坦经济的首次首次独特的创新跟进调查（2015年）来研究私营制造公司的创新行为。为了对研发，创新，企业绩效和出口之间的结构关系进行建模，我们指定了Crepon等人提出的CDM模型的扩展版本。（1998.研究，创新与生产[Ty：公司层面的计量经济学分析。创新与新技术经济学，7（2），115-158），由（Griffith，R.，Huergo，E.，Mairesse， ，J.＆Peters，B. [2006]。四个欧洲国家的创新与生产力。牛津经济政策评论，22（4），483–498；Hall，BH，Lotti，F.和Mairesse，J. [2009]。中小企业的创新和生产力：意大利的经验证据。小型企业经济学，33（1），13–33），并通过引入出口阶段的倾向，在本研究中进一步扩展。我们的计量经济学结果表明，技术创新（产品和工艺创新）对公司绩效具有明显的积极影响，这对公司从事出口活动的决定起着关键作用。相对于过程，劳动生产率的弹性略高于产品创新。稳健性分析报告说，除了组织创新外，预测的研究强度对创新产出有积极影响，无论哪个代理用于企业级创新。而且，非技术创新（市场营销和组织创新）对于所有替代计量经济学指标都不会对公司绩效产生影响，并且大多与现有文献保持一致。这些发现对决策者在企业生产率和出口倾向方面具有实际意义，并突出了创新在赋予企业提高经济绩效和赶超方面的重要性。