ABSTRACT

Institutions, as structural components of the National Innovation System (NIS) play an important role in NIS performance and many economists have proven it. In the NIS context, some researchers argued that institutions are X-efficient and X-effective but they didn’t open up that much about how to measure them. Therefore, in this study, an eightfold typology based on the three new performance elements, namely ‘efficiency’, ‘effectiveness’ and ‘changeability’ has been presented. Since institutions are investigated in the context of a system, inputs and outputs of each institution in its relationship with other institutions are selected as the base for measuring performance elements. Based on this new typology, the relational performance of eight institutions in Iran’s National Innovation System is measured. The results show that based on the eightfold typology, none of the studied institutions are in type 1 (appropriate efficiency, effectiveness and changeability at the same time) or type 2 (appropriate efficiency and effectiveness at the same time). Finally, in order to improve the relational performance of each type of institution and the overall function of NIS, eight strategies including ‘growth’, ‘status quo’, ‘conversion’, ‘operational efficiency’, ‘drift’, ‘layering’, ‘displacement’ and ‘exhaustion’ have been proposed based on the calculated performance.

摘要

机构作为国家创新系统 (NIS) 的结构组成部分在 NIS 绩效中发挥着重要作用，许多经济学家已经证明了这一点。在 NIS 的背景下，一些研究人员认为机构是 X 效率和 X 有效的，但他们并没有过多地说明如何衡量它们。因此，在本研究中，基于三个新的绩效要素，即“效率”、“有效性”和“可变性”，提出了八重类型学。由于制度是在一个系统的背景下进行调查的，因此每个机构在与其他机构的关系中的投入和产出都被选为衡量绩效要素的基础。基于这种新类型，对伊朗国家创新体系中八家机构的相关绩效进行了衡量。结果表明，基于八重类型学，所研究的机构均不属于类型1（适当的效率、有效性和可变性同时存在）或类型2（适当的效率和有效性同时存在）。最后，为了提高各类机构的关系绩效和NIS的整体功能，提出了“增长”、“现状”、“转换”、“运营效率”、“漂移”、“分层”等八项策略。已经根据计算的性能提出了“位移”和“耗竭”。