This paper examines the move into upstream and downstream global value chain (GVC) activities by 11 Asian countries. We use international input–output tables in combination with employment data and measure the number of workers in each country involved in manufactures GVC. Jobs are classified by business function based on occupational information, such as R&D, fabrication, logistics, sales and marketing. In most Asian countries, we find a faster employment increase in R&D and other support services relative to fabrication activities between 2000 and 2011. However, the participation in GVC and the pace of upgrading appears to differ substantially across Asian countries. We use a structural decomposition method to explore the role of trade, consumption and technological change in accounting for changes in countries' involvement in GVC.

中文翻译：

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亚洲国家会在全球价值链中升级吗？一种新颖的方法和经验证据

本文研究了11个亚洲国家向上游和下游全球价值链（GVC）活动的转移。我们将国际投入产出表与就业数据结合使用，并测量每个参与制造GVC的国家/地区的工人人数。工作是根据业务信息根据职业信息进行分类的，这些信息包括研发，制造，物流，销售和市场营销。在大多数亚洲国家，我们发现与2000年至2011年之间的制造活动相比，研发和其他支持服务的就业增长更快。但是，亚洲国家对GVC的参与和升级速度似乎存在很大差异。我们使用结构分解方法来探讨贸易，消费和技术变化在解释各国参与全球价值链的变化中的作用。