Rapid technological development makes skills depreciate faster than in the past while new technologies generate gaps in workers' skills and call for the acquisition of appropriate skills and lifelong learning. Proper skill mixes for future jobs include strong cognitive skills, basic information and communication technology, and analytical skills, as well as a range of non‐cognitive skills such as creativity, problem‐solving, critical thinking, and communication. Retraining and reskilling workers are also crucial, particularly as life expectancy increases. All these changes lead to a major rethinking of education and skill training throughout a person's life. This paper reviews the recent studies on human capital and skill formation in the era of rapid technological progress. Findings from these studies, particularly in labour economics, can shed light on new directions for lifelong education policies, for example (1) parental investment in pre‐school learning is reflected in highly positive adult outcomes; (2) as far as education inputs are concerned, teacher quality is far more important than additional school resources; and (3) government workforce training programs are largely ineffective as compared to private training, which contribute significantly to worker productivity.

中文翻译：

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技术革命时代的教育，技能培训和终身学习：回顾

快速的技术发展使技能的贬值速度比过去更快，而新技术则使工人的技能出现差距，并要求获得适当的技能和终身学习。未来工作的适当技能组合包括强大的认知技能，基本信息和通信技术以及分析技能，以及一系列非认知技能，例如创造力，解决问题的能力，批判性思维和沟通能力。再培训和再培训工人也至关重要，特别是随着预期寿命的延长。所有这些变化导致人们对一生中的教育和技能培训有了重大的反思。本文回顾了技术飞速发展时代对人力资本和技能形成的最新研究。这些研究的发现，尤其是在劳动经济学中，可以阐明终身教育政策的新方向，例如：（1）父母对学龄前学习的投资反映在成人积极成果方面；（2）就教育投入而言，教师素质比增加学校资源更为重要；（3）与私人培训相比，政府劳动力培训计划在很大程度上无效，这大大提高了工人的生产率。