Adult learners and female students report higher levels of mathematics anxiety than their peers, suggesting that female adult learners may be particularly vulnerable. This study used Bandura’s triarchic reciprocal causality model as a foundation and interviewed five highly mathematics anxious female adult learners to understand their perceptions of the causes of their mathematics anxiety. Thematic interpretation revealed five themes from the interviews; time since last educational experience emerged as the strongest theme, with other personal and environmental factors also emerging. The findings support a social cognitive perspective of mathematics anxiety. Suggestions for pedagogical techniques with adult learners are included.

中文翻译：

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时间，时间，时间：高度数学焦虑女性成年学习者对数学焦虑成因的认识

成年学习者和女学生报告的数学焦虑水平高于同龄人，这表明成年女性学习者可能特别脆弱。这项研究以班杜拉的三级互惠因果关系模型为基础，并采访了五位高度数学焦虑的成年女性学习者，以了解他们对数学焦虑成因的理解。专题解释揭示了采访中的五个主题；自上次教育经历以来最紧要的时间出现了，其他个人和环境因素也出现了。这些发现支持了社会对数学焦虑的认知观点。包括针对成人学习者的教学技巧的建议。