The highly polyphagous Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt) expanded its range substantially during the twentieth century and is now the most economically important insect pest of Australian horticulture, prompting intensive efforts to develop a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) control program. Using a “common garden” approach, we have screened for natural genetic variation in key environmental fitness traits among populations from across the geographic range of this species and monitored changes in those traits induced during domestication. Significant variation was detected between the populations for heat, desiccation and starvation resistance and wing length (as a measure of body size). Desiccation resistance was correlated with both starvation resistance and wing length. Bioassay data for three resampled populations indicate that much of the variation in desiccation resistance reflects persistent, inherited differences among the populations. No latitudinal cline was detected for any of the traits and only weak correlations were found with climatic variables for heat resistance and wing length. All three stress resistance phenotypes and wing length changed significantly in certain populations with ongoing domestication but there was also a strong population by domestication interaction effect for each trait. Ecotypic variation in heat, starvation and desiccation resistance was detected in Australian Qfly populations, and these stress resistances diminished rapidly during domestication. Our results indicate a need to select source populations for SIT strains which have relatively high climatic stress resistance and to minimise loss of that resistance during domestication.

中文翻译：

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昆士兰雄性果蝇的耐气候胁迫能力因地理来源不同和驯化期间的变化而异

高度多食的昆士兰果蝇（Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt）在20世纪大幅度扩大了其范围，现在已成为澳大利亚园艺业中经济上最重要的害虫，促使人们大力开发无菌昆虫技术（SIT）控制程序。我们使用“公共花园”方法，在该物种地理范围内的种群中筛选了关键环境适应性状的自然遗传变异，并监测了驯化过程中诱发的这些性状的变化。在种群之间检测到热量，干燥性和抗饥饿性以及机翼长度（作为体型的度量）的显着差异。抗干燥性与抗饥饿性和机翼长度相关。三个重新采样的种群的生物测定数据表明，抗干燥性的大部分变化反映了种群之间的持久遗传差异。没有发现任何特征的纬度，只有与耐热性和机翼长度的气候变量之间存在弱相关性。在某些驯化过程中，这三种抗逆性表型和翼长均发生了显着变化，但由于驯化交互作用，每个性状也有很强的种群。在澳大利亚Qfly种群中发现了热，饥饿和抗干燥性的生态型变化，驯化过程中这些抗逆性迅速降低。