The heat and electricity integrated energy systems (HE-IESs) have a bright prospect in future energy systems owing to their excellent economic and environmental performance. Many uncertain factors in the HE-IESs, such as renewable energy sources, electrical load, and weather factors, threaten the secure and economical operation of systems as well as the thermal comfort of end-users. In this article, the uncertainties that affect the thermal comfort of end-users are modeled comprehensively, including building parameters, weather factors, and human behavior. Then, a two-stage adaptive robust economic dispatch (ARED) model with a robust thermal comfort management strategy is proposed for the operation of HE-IESs, where different policies are adopted to deal with multiple uncertainties based on their different properties. The ARED model is four-level programming with a static robust inner problem, making it computationally intractable. Hence, a sampling-based approximation method is proposed for the robust inner problem to convert the ARED model into a two-stage robust optimization with a linear recourse problem, and then the column-and-constraint generation method is used to solve it. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

中文翻译：

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具有稳健的热舒适管理功能的集成能源系统的经济派送

由于其出色的经济和环境绩效，热电一体化能源系统（HE-IESs）在未来的能源系统中有着广阔的前景。HE-IES中的许多不确定因素，例如可再生能源，电力负荷和天气因素，都威胁着系统的安全经济运行以及最终用户的热舒适性。在本文中，对影响最终用户的热舒适性的不确定性进行了综合建模，包括建筑参数，天气因素和人类行为。然后，提出了一种具有鲁棒热舒适管理策略的两阶段自适应鲁棒经济调度（ARED）模型，用于HE-IES的运行，其中基于不同属性，采用不同的策略来处理多种不确定性。ARED模型是具有静态鲁棒性内部问题的四级编程，因此在计算上难以处理。因此，针对鲁棒内部问题，提出了一种基于采样的近似方法，将ARED模型转换为具有线性追索问题的两阶段鲁棒优化，然后采用列约束生成方法进行求解。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。