Agriculture is a large source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but changing management practices to those more beneficial to the environment could help mitigate climate change as long as they are economically and environmentally viable. This study examines the environmental (public) and economic (private) effects of adopting ten different beneficial management practices on a representative corn farm in Ontario, Canada. The study integrates changes in GHG emissions in carbon equivalents (CO2e) and changes in profit from changes in costs and revenues in two dimensions to reveal the scope and scale of different kinds of practices. 4R nitrogen management practices are smaller in scale compared to cropping practices and, therefore, have smaller potential costs and benefits. Land use changes, from practices including biomass, afforestation, crop rotation and cover cropping, have larger impacts on soil sequestration and carbon-equivalent GHG reduction, but with significantly greater costs. Seven practices were found to, at least partially, be economically and environmentally beneficial. The adoption of no-till and N-rate reduction is firmly positive, whereas the production of biomass has the largest potential economic and environmental gains. Crop rotation and diversification and cover cropping can be mutually beneficial, as can changing N-application practices. The use of inhibitors may be economically beneficial if yield gains outweigh purchase costs.

中文翻译：

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加拿大安大略省减少与土壤相关的温室气体排放的农场有益管理实践的环境和经济效果

农业是温室气体 (GHG) 排放的主要来源，但只要在经济和环境上可行，将管理实践转变为对环境更有益的方式可能有助于缓解气候变化。本研究考察了在加拿大安大略省的一个代表性玉米农场采用十种不同的有益管理实践对环境（公共）和经济（私人）的影响。该研究以碳当量（CO2e)和利润变化从成本和收入的变化两个维度来揭示不同类型实践的范围和规模。与种植实践相比，4R 氮管理实践的规模较小，因此潜在成本和收益较小。土地利用的变化，包括生物量、植树造林、轮作和覆盖种植等做法，对土壤固存和碳当量温室气体减排的影响更大，但成本显着增加。发现有七种做法至少部分具有经济和环境效益。采用免耕和减少氮肥是非常积极的，而生物质的生产具有最大的潜在经济和环境收益。轮作和多样化以及覆盖种植可以互惠互利，就像改变 N 应用程序的做法一样。如果产量收益超过购买成本，则使用抑制剂可能在经济上是有利的。