Objectives:Multiple studies have found evidence of task non-specific slow drift rate in ADHD, and slow drift rate has rapidly become one of the most visible cognitive hallmarks of the disorder. In this study, we use the diffusion model to determine whether atypicalities in visuospatial cognitive processing exist independently of slow drift rate.Methods:Eight- to twelve-year-old children with (n = 207) and without ADHD (n = 99) completed a 144-trial mental rotation task.Results:Performance of children with ADHD was less accurate and more variable than non-ADHD controls, but there were no group differences in mean response time. Drift rate was slower, but nondecision time was faster for children with ADHD. A Rotation × ADHD interaction for boundary separation was also found in which children with ADHD did not strategically adjust their response thresholds to the same degree as non-ADHD controls. However, the Rotation × ADHD interaction was not significant for nondecision time, which would have been the primary indicator of a specific deficit in mental rotation per se.Conclusions:Poorer performance on the mental rotation task was due to slow rate of evidence accumulation, as well as relative inflexibility in adjusting boundary separation, but not to impaired visuospatial processing specifically. We discuss the implications of these findings for future cognitive research in ADHD.

中文翻译：

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多动症空间认知的新旋转：心理旋转的扩散模型分解

目的：多项研究发现了 ADHD 任务非特异性缓慢漂移率的证据，并且缓慢漂移率已迅速成为该障碍最明显的认知标志之一。在这项研究中，我们使用扩散模型来确定视觉空间认知加工中的非典型性是否独立于缓慢漂移率而存在。方法：8至12岁的儿童（n= 207) 并且没有多动症 (n= 99) 完成了一项 144 次试验的心理旋转任务。结果：与非 ADHD 对照相比，ADHD 儿童的表现不太准确且变化更大，但平均反应时间没有组间差异。多动症儿童的漂移率较慢，但非决定时间较快。还发现了用于边界分离的旋转 × ADHD 相互作用，其中 ADHD 儿童没有策略性地将其反应阈值调整到与非 ADHD 对照相同的程度。然而，旋转 × ADHD 相互作用对于非决策时间并不显着，这将是心理旋转特定缺陷的主要指标本身. 结论：心理旋转任务的表现较差是由于证据积累速度慢，以及在调整边界分离方面相对不灵活，但具体不是视觉空间处理受损。我们讨论了这些发现对 ADHD 未来认知研究的影响。