Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487). Participants were categorised as those who avoid dietary gluten and those who reported no avoidances. Key nutrient intakes were assessed, as a percentage of Dietary Recommended Intakes, including fibre, B vitamins, vitamin D, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, and compared between the two groups using t tests. Canadians who avoided gluten had significantly lower intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, Fe, Na and Ca compared with those who did not avoid any food groups. However, Canadians who reported following a GFD were significantly more likely to use vitamin or mineral supplements in the past 30 d. More than 20 % of those who avoided gluten also avoided dairy products. Findings suggest that following a GFD places Canadians at risk for nutrient inadequacies, particularly folate, Ca and vitamin D. Further research is required to further examine how multiple dietary avoidances among those who avoid gluten may contribute to dietary inadequacies.

中文翻译：

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加拿大人避免食用麸质对营养的影响：2015 年加拿大社区健康调查的结果

坚持无麸质饮食 (GFD) 是治疗麸质相关疾病的唯一可用方法，尽管出于酌处原因也可能遵循 GFD。本研究的主要目的是 (1) 描述和测试遵循 GFD 的加拿大人与没有饮食排除的加拿大人相比在关键营养素摄入量方面的差异，以及 (2) 描述避免麸质的加拿大人坚持的额外饮食避免。我们对 2015 年加拿大社区健康调查-营养调查进行了二次分析，其中包括一般健康调查和 24 小时饮食回忆（n20 487）。参与者被归类为那些避免饮食麸质的人和那些报告没有避免饮食的人。评估关键营养素摄入量，作为膳食推荐摄入量的百分比，包括纤维、维生素 B、维生素 D、钙、铁、钠和锌，并在两组之间进行比较吨测试。不吃麸质的加拿大人叶酸、维生素 B 的摄入量显着降低12、维生素D、Fe、Na和Ca与那些没有避免任何食物组的人相比。然而，报告患有 GFD 的加拿大人在过去 30 天内更有可能使用维生素或矿物质补充剂。超过 20% 避免食用麸质的人也避免食用乳制品。研究结果表明，遵循 GFD 会使加拿大人面临营养不足的风险，尤其是叶酸、钙和维生素 D。需要进一步的研究来进一步研究避免麸质的人的多种饮食回避如何导致饮食不足。