We evaluated the effects of fish oil and/or probiotic supplementation in a randomised placebo-controlled intervention pilot trial on gestational weight gain (GWG) and body composition. Additionally, the influence of gestational diabetes (GDM) on GWG and body composition was assessed. We randomised 439 overweight women into intervention groups: fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics and placebo + placebo (fish oil: 1·9 g DHA and 0·22 g EPA and probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). GDM was diagnosed with oral glucose tolerance test. Body composition was measured with air displacement plethysmography at randomisation (mean 13·9) and in late pregnancy (mean 35·2 gestational weeks). Intervention did not influence mean GWG or change in body fat mass/percentage (P > 0·17). Body composition in early pregnancy did not differ between the women who did or did not develop GDM (adjusted P > 0·23). Compared with the normoglycaemic women (n 278), women diagnosed with GDM (n 119) gained less weight (7·7 (sd 0·4) v. 9·3 (sd 0·4) kg, adjusted mean difference −1·66 (95 % CI −2·52, −0·80) and fat mass (0·4 (sd 0·4) v. 1·8 (sd 0·3) kg, adjusted mean difference −1·43 (95 % CI −2·19, −0·67) during the follow-up. In conclusion, adiposity of pregnant overweight women was not affected by supplementation with fish oil and/or probiotics, nor did it predict the development of GDM. However, adiposity was reduced in women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic women irrespective of the dietary intervention.

中文翻译：

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怀孕期间体重增加和身体成分：益生菌和/或鱼油的随机试验

我们在一项随机安慰剂对照干预试验试验中评估了鱼油和/或益生菌补充剂对妊娠期体重增加 (GWG) 和身体成分的影响。此外，还评估了妊娠糖尿病 (GDM) 对 GWG 和身体成分的影响。我们将 439 名超重女性随机分为干预组：鱼油 + 安慰剂、益生菌 + 安慰剂、鱼油 + 益生菌和安慰剂 + 安慰剂（鱼油：1·9 g DHA 和 0·22 g EPA 和益生菌：鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001 和动物双歧杆菌ssp。乳酸菌420, 1010每个菌落形成单位）。经口服葡萄糖耐量试验诊断为 GDM。在随机化（平均 13·9）和妊娠晚期（平均 35·2 孕周）时，用空气置换体积描记法测量身体成分。干预不影响平均 GWG 或体脂质量/百分比的变化（磷> 0·17)。妊娠早期的身体成分在发生或未发生 GDM 的女性之间没有差异（调整磷> 0·23)。与血糖正常的女性相比（n278), 被诊断患有 GDM 的女性 (n119）体重减轻（7·7（sd0·4)v. 9·3 (sd0·4) kg，调整后的平均差 -1·66 (95 % CI -2·52, -0·80) 和脂肪量 (0·4 (sd0·4)v. 1·8 (sd0·3) kg，在随访期间调整后的平均差 -1·43 (95 % CI -2·19, -0·67)。总之，超重孕妇的肥胖不受补充鱼油和/或益生菌的影响，也不能预测 GDM 的发展。然而，无论饮食干预如何，与血糖正常的女性相比，GDM 女性的肥胖都减少了。