Highly ordered, hierarchically porous and interlinked carbon nanosheet stacks are explored via an intercalation reaction into the layered TiO₂ template. Herein, benzidine is used as the raw material to produce carbon nanosheet stacks through polymerization and carbonization, followed by a wet-chemical etching to remove the template. The oriented nanosheet structures can provide accessible electrochemical channels for ion diffusion, while the interconnected interlayer can also maintain high electronic conductivity and fast electron transfer, thus resulting in a remarkable rate performance. Typically, a high specific capacity of 681.2 mA h g^–1 can be delivered by the as-prepared carbon nanosheets at 0.1 A g^–1, and 120.0 mA h g^–1 is still maintained at a high current of 12.8 A g^–1. Meanwhile, a specific capacity of 100 mA h g^–1 remains over 7000 charge/discharge cycles at 3 A g^–1. The outstanding rate performance and cycle stability of carbon nanosheets are ascribed to the hierarchical and oriented nanosheet structure with high porosity, which can provide interconnected charge-transfer pathways, enable large contact area and interface channel between the electrolyte ions and the electrode material, and shorten diffusion length of lithium ions.

中文翻译：

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高阶二维分层多孔碳纳米片叠层的合成作为锂离子存储的高级电极材料

通过嵌入层状TiO ₂模板中的插入反应，探索了高度有序，层次分明的多孔且相互连接的碳纳米片叠层。在本文中，联苯胺用作原料通过聚合和碳化产生碳纳米片堆叠，然后进行湿化学蚀刻以去除模板。定向的纳米片结构可以为离子扩散提供可访问的电化学通道，而相互连接的中间层也可以保持高电子电导率和快速电子转移，从而产生显着的速率性能。通常，制备的碳纳米片可以在0.1 A g ^–1和120.0 mA hg ^{–1的条件下}提供681.2 mA hg ^–1的高比容量。仍然保持在12.8 A g ^–1的高电流下。同时，在3 A g ^–1的7000个充电/放电循环中，仍具有100 mA hg ^–1的比容量。碳纳米片的出色的速率性能和循环稳定性归因于具有高孔隙率的分层定向纳米片结构，可以提供相互连接的电荷转移路径，实现电解质离子与电极材料之间的大接触面积和界面通道，并缩短锂离子的扩散长度。