Abstract In food industries, especially in factories producing potato chips, large quantities of wastes can be generated that can harm aqueous environments. Before the potato chips are produced, at stages such as cutting and slicing the potato, the potato starches from the blade pass into the aqueous medium. The starch in this aqueous medium can be recycled by centrifuging or decanting before discharging. Otherwise, producing energy by sending it to biogas production facilities is a common method. The industrial starch obtained in this way is referred to as a by-product or waste. Thus, these waste starches, which are renewable, low-cost, multi-functional, biodegradable and nontoxic, can be used in different industries by changing their properties with some physicochemical or chemical methods and can be brought into the economy as cardboard adhesive. The aim of this study was to obtain an environmentally friendly cardboard adhesive from the modification of waste potato starch (WPS) by hydrolysis. WPS was homogenized in different amounts of deionized water and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) mixtures (0–135 mL). Subsequently, the mixtures were hydrolyzed by 25 mL of HCl or H2SO4 at different concentrations (0.25–1.25 M). The structure of the modified potato starch (MWPS) was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the thermal behavior by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, and the viscosity by Brookfield viscosimeter. The adhesive property of the MWPS samples was determined as a tensile strength on a “dog-bone shape” cardboards by texture analyzer. The molecular weight profiles of the starch samples were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the effect on the mechanical properties of starch was investigated. The molecular weight of starches was obviously decreased by acid hydrolysis. The observed peaks in the FT-IR spectrum were similar in the WPS and MWPS samples, and not affected by the type and concentration of the IPA or acids. In the SEM images, the granules surface of the MWPSs became shrunken and even fractured with the recessed surfaces. As the acid hydrolysis increases, the diffraction of crystalline peaks, and the thermal stability and degradation temperatures decreased. The viscosity significantly decreased with the increasing of the acid concentration. The best adhesive was obtained from the hydrolysis of 0.50 M HCl (25 mL) in 135 mL of water with the strength of 10.90 MPa.

中文翻译：

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废马铃薯淀粉酸水解制环保纸盒胶粘剂

摘要 在食品工业中，尤其是在生产薯片的工厂中，会产生大量有害水环境的废物。在生产薯片之前，在切割和切片等阶段，来自刀片的马铃薯淀粉进入水性介质。该水性介质中的淀粉可通过离心或滗析在排放前循环使用。否则，通过将其发送到沼气生产设施来生产能源是一种常见的方法。以这种方式获得的工业淀粉被称为副产品或废物。因此，这些可再生、低成本、多功能、可生物降解且无毒的废淀粉，可以通过一些物理化学或化学方法改变​​它们的特性而用于不同的行业，并且可以作为纸板粘合剂进入经济。本研究的目的是通过水解对废弃马铃薯淀粉 (WPS) 进行改性，获得一种环保的纸板粘合剂。WPS 在不同量的去离子水和异丙醇 (IPA) 混合物 (0–135 mL) 中均质化。随后，混合物用 25 mL 不同浓度（0.25-1.25 M）的 HCl 或 H2SO4 水解。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）测定改性马铃薯淀粉（MWPS）的结构，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测定表面形貌，热重（TGA）测定热行为分析，并通过 Brookfield 粘度计测量粘度。MWPS 样品的粘合性能通过质地分析仪测定为“狗骨形状”纸板上的拉伸强度。淀粉样品的分子量分布通过凝胶渗透色谱法 (GPC) 测定，并研究了对淀粉机械性能的影响。酸水解淀粉的分子量明显降低。FT-IR 光谱中观察到的峰在 WPS 和 MWPS 样品中相似，不受 IPA 或酸的类型和浓度的影响。在 SEM 图像中，MWPS 的颗粒表面收缩，甚至与凹陷表面一起破裂。随着酸水解的增加，结晶峰的衍射、热稳定性和降解温度降低。随着酸浓度的增加，粘度显着降低。最好的粘合剂是通过在 135 mL 水中水解 0.50 M HCl (25 mL) 获得的，强度为 10.90 MPa。