Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is regarded as a major contributor to global warming and the climate crisis. To mitigate its negative impacts, a potential strategy is adopted, namely converting CO₂ into renewable fuels or valuable chemicals. Because of the sluggish thermodynamic and kinetic processes, catalysts (photocatalysts or electrocatalysts) are essential during CO₂ reduction. In this review, fundamental concepts, catalytic principles and reaction pathways related to photocatalysis and electrocatalysis for CO₂ reduction are provided, along with a survey of the progress in the rational design of new photocatalysts and electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. Discussions in the field are mainly focused on the design strategies of catalysts that have been introduced to increase visible light excitation, improve charge separation and enhance CO₂ adsorption of photocatalysts and alter electronic and geometric properties of electrocatalysts. Finally, recommendations and outlook for improving the selectivity of CO₂ reduction and in achieving efficient, stable and selective CO₂ photocatalysts or electrocatalysts are pointed out. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

中文翻译：

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光催化和电催化CO2转化：从基本原理到催化剂设计

二氧化碳（CO ₂）被认为是导致全球变暖和气候危机的主要因素。为了减轻其负面影响，采取了一种潜在的策略，即将CO ₂转化为可再生燃料或有价值的化学物质。由于热力学和动力学过程缓慢，催化剂（CO ₂还原）中必不可少的（光催化剂或电催化剂）。在这次审查中，涉及光催化和电催化的CO基本概念，原理催化反应途径₂减少提供，伴随着的进展，新的光催化剂和电催化剂的合理设计有限公司的调查₂减少。该领域的讨论主要集中在已引入的催化剂的设计策略上，以增加可见光激发，改善电荷分离和增强光催化剂的CO ₂吸附并改变电催化剂的电子和几何性质。最后，提出了改善CO ₂还原选择性和实现高效，稳定和选择性的CO ₂光催化剂或电催化剂的建议和展望。©2020化学工业协会