Heterogeneous catalytic reactions play a major role in the industry to produce a number of compounds that are essential in our daily life. Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using heterogeneous catalysis is one of the rapidly growing research areas. Inherent ability to produce high selectivity and potentiality to recycle, the catalyst makes the heterogeneous systems more attractive, especially on the industrial scale. Various recyclable catalytic systems have been extensively developed for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via dehydration, partial oxidations, three‐component couplings, dehydrogenations, and others. Different supports like polymers, metal oxides, and quite recently carbon supports like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), graphitic nitride (GCN), and nitrogenous carbon materials (NGr) have been widely used to synthesize diverse heterocycles. The use of GO in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds has been reviewed recently, hence we did not focus on GO in this review. The aim of this review article is to explore the emerging areas of carbon‐based heterogeneous materials such as CNTs, GCN, and NGr in the synthesis of heterocycles. This review also focused on the most recent examples, their preparation, and recycling studies of highly excited catalytic systems used for the heterocycles.

中文翻译：

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使用碳材料合成杂环化合物的可回收催化剂

非均相催化反应在工业中起着重要作用，以产生许多日常生活中必不可少的化合物。使用非均相催化合成杂环化合物是快速发展的研究领域之一。该催化剂具有产生高选择性和再循环潜力的固有能力，这使多相体系更具吸引力，尤其是在工业规模上。广泛开发了各种可循环利用的催化体系，用于通过脱水，部分氧化，三组分偶联，脱氢等方法合成杂环化合物。不同的载体，例如聚合物，金属氧化物，以及最近的碳载体，例如碳纳米管（CNT），氧化石墨烯（GO），氮化石墨（GCN），氮碳材料（NGr）已被广泛用于合成各种杂环。最近对GO在杂环化合物合成中的应用进行了综述，因此在本综述中我们并不关注GO。本文的目的是探索杂环合成中碳基异质材料（如CNTs，GCN和NGr）的新兴领域。这篇综述还着重于最新的实例，其制备以及用于杂环的高激发催化体系的循环研究。和NGr合成杂环。这篇综述还着重于最新的实例，其制备以及用于杂环的高激发催化体系的循环研究。和NGr合成杂环。这篇综述还着重于最新的实例，其制备以及用于杂环的高激发催化体系的循环研究。