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Evaluation of pre-determined dilution of high strength steels by the Snapshot method
Optics and Lasers in Engineering ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106512
Stephanie M. Robertson , Jan Frostevarg , Jonas Näsström , Therese Berndtsson , Alexander F.H. Kaplan

Abstract Dilution is an unavoidable consequence of multi-material fusion processing, i.e. welding, cladding etc. In this paper we propose a novel method for controlled dilution experiments, analyzing microstructural trends of steel filler wire diluted with steel base metal. The highlight of this method is the control of processing conditions used to melt a pre-determined dilution of two high strength steels. The materials involved are S960QL base metal machining chips and a chopped under-matched wire consumable, which is used to increase the toughness of welded joints. These materials were combined in specific mass ratios in a prepared cavity and then melted by a pulsed laser beam. A high-speed RGB camera evaluated the relative spatial temperature of the melt surface. The molten mass then solidified into a uniform nugget, confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) to have a homogenous chemical composition (a ‘Snapshot’ nugget). Hardness values obtained for different dilution levels were compared to a narrow gap multi-layer laser weld (NGMLW), with a decreased dilution rate yielding a decreased hardness. The Snapshot microstructures created are similar to the different regions of the NGMLW, in the weld cap and in the body of the weld. Snapshot nuggets were also evaluated for non-metallic inclusion (NMI) size distributions relating to the dilution levels (NMIs are important indicators for acicular ferrite, which has been shown to increase impact toughness).

中文翻译:

用快照法评估高强度钢的预定稀释度

摘要 稀释是焊接、包覆等多材料熔合加工不可避免的结果。本文提出了一种新的控制稀释实验方法,分析了钢母材稀释后的钢填充焊丝的微观结构趋势。这种方法的亮点是控制用于熔化两种高强度钢的预定稀释度的加工条件。所涉及的材料为S960QL母材加工切屑和短切欠匹配焊丝耗材,用于增加焊接接​​头的韧性。这些材料在准备好的腔体中以特定的质量比组合,然后通过脉冲激光束熔化。高速 RGB 相机评估熔体表面的相对空间温度。然后熔化的物质凝固成均匀的块状物,通过能量色散 X 射线光谱法 (EDS) 确认具有均质的化学成分(“快照”金块)。将不同稀释水平获得的硬度值与窄间隙多层激光焊接 (NGMLW) 进行比较,稀释率降低导致硬度降低。创建的 Snapshot 微观结构类似于 NGMLW 的不同区域,在焊缝帽和焊缝主体中。还评估了与稀释水平相关的非金属夹杂物 (NMI) 尺寸分布(NMI 是针状铁素体的重要指标,针状铁素体已被证明可以提高冲击韧性)评估快照金块。将不同稀释水平获得的硬度值与窄间隙多层激光焊接 (NGMLW) 进行比较,稀释率降低导致硬度降低。创建的 Snapshot 微观结构类似于 NGMLW 的不同区域,在焊缝帽和焊缝主体中。还评估了与稀释水平相关的非金属夹杂物 (NMI) 尺寸分布(NMI 是针状铁素体的重要指标,针状铁素体已被证明可以提高冲击韧性)评估快照金块。将不同稀释水平获得的硬度值与窄间隙多层激光焊接 (NGMLW) 进行比较,稀释率降低导致硬度降低。创建的 Snapshot 微观结构类似于 NGMLW 的不同区域,在焊缝帽和焊缝主体中。还评估了与稀释水平相关的非金属夹杂物 (NMI) 尺寸分布(NMI 是针状铁素体的重要指标,针状铁素体已被证明可以提高冲击韧性)评估快照金块。
更新日期:2021-04-01
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