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Do ecosystem insecurity and social vulnerability lead to failure of water security?
Environmental Development ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100606
Christopher A. Scott , Mariana I. Zilio , Thomas Harmon , Adriana Zuniga Teran , Rolando Díaz Caravantes , Natalia Hoyos , Gerardo M.E. Perillo , Francisco Meza , Robert G. Varady , Alfredo Ribeiro Neto , Maria Isabel Velez , Facundo Martín , Jaime Escobar , M. Cintia Piccolo , Paula Mussetta , Suzana Montenegro , James A. Rusak , Nicolas Pineda

Achieving water security for humans and ecosystems is a pervasive challenge globally. Extensive areas of the Americas are at significant risk of water insecurity, resulting from global-change processes coupled with regional and local impacts. Drought, flooding, and water quality challenges pose significant threats, while at the same time, rapid urban expansion, competing water demands, river modifications, and expanding global markets for water-intensive agricultural products drive water insecurity. This paper takes a social-ecological systems perspective, aiming to identify examples and pathways towards resilient ecosystems and social development. It draws on lessons from two science-policy network projects, one focusing on water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Mexico and the United States; and the second addressing river and lake basins as sentinels of climate variability and human effects on water quantity and quality in Canada, the United States, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay and Chile. Together, these ‘complementary contrasts’ provide an analytical basis to empirically examine stakeholder engagement, knowledge co-production and science-policy interaction supporting decision-making to achieve water security. The paper identifies four tenets for decision-making based on water-security-focused global-change science in the Americas: 1) Decision makers should focus on protecting ecosystems because water security (along with food and energy security) depend on them; 2) Water-use and allocation decisions ought to be made considering future environmental and societal vulnerabilities, especially climate projections; 3) Holistic approaches (at basin or other appropriate levels) are best suited to ensure social-ecological system resilience and reduce vulnerability; and 4) It is essential to support local/traditional livelihoods, and underserved populations to achieve equitable water security and ecosystem resilience.



中文翻译:

生态系统的不安全和社会脆弱性是否会导致水安全的失败?

实现人类和生态系统的水安全是全球性的普遍挑战。由于全球变化进程以及区域和地方的影响,美洲的广大地区面临着严重的水不安全风险。干旱,洪水和水质挑战构成了重大威胁,而与此同时,城市的快速扩张,竞争性的用水需求,河流改造,以及用水密集型农产品的全球市场不断扩大,都加剧了水的不安全状况。本文从社会生态系统的角度出发,旨在确定实现具有复原力的生态系统和社会发展的实例和途径。它借鉴了两个科学政策网络项目的经验教训,一个项目侧重于阿根廷,智利,巴西,秘鲁,墨西哥和美国的干旱和半干旱地区的水资源短缺。第二个问题是在加拿大,美国,阿根廷,哥伦比亚,乌拉圭和智利,气候和人类对水量和水质的影响定为“河和湖流域”。这些“互补性对比”共同为分析利益相关者的参与,知识共同生产以及支持决策制定以实现水安全的科学政策互动提供了分析基础。本文确定了四个以美洲水安全为重点的全球变化科学为基础的决策原则:1)决策者应专注于保护生态系统,因为水安全(以及粮食和能源安全)都取决于生态系统;2)应当在考虑到未来的环境和社会脆弱性,特别是气候预测的情况下做出用水和分配的决定;3)整体方法(在流域或其他适当级别)最适合确保社会生态系统的复原力并减少脆弱性;4)必须支持当地/传统生计和服务水平低下的人口,以实现公平的水安全和生态系统复原力。

更新日期:2020-12-18
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