ABSTRACT

Objective: The experiments investigated the “old issue” of the attitude indicator’s moving-horizon versus moving-aircraft format with current primary flight display technology. Of interest was whether the effects found in earlier studies, favoring the moving-aircraft format, could be replicated with most recent technology including extended horizon displays, which depict the artificial horizon extended over the whole screen with overlaying speed and altitude scales (e.g., B787).

Background: Although the moving-horizon format represents the standard approach in Western aviation, human factors research from the 1950s to the 1970s with round electromechanical instruments favored the moving-aircraft format with respect to better support of flight-path tracking and unusual attitude recoveries. However, recent studies using laboratory displays more similar to modern primary flight displays provided inconsistent results. This led to the assumption that the display’s design is a moderating factor of those effects.

Method: Thirty-two novices and 13 pilots flew several tracking and recovery tasks in a PC-based simulator equipped with moving-horizon and moving-aircraft formats in classic and extended horizon design.

Results: The data show that the previous effects favoring a moving-aircraft format of displaying bank information can be replicated with current primary flight display designs. However, the extended horizon design seems to reduce this effect, at least for pilots.

Conclusion: The results suggest reconsidering the format of the attitude indicator at least for new applications, such as control of remotely piloted aircraft.

摘要

目的：实验研究了采用当前主要飞行显示技术的姿态指示器的移动水平格式与移动飞机格式的“老问题”。有趣的是，早期研究中发现的有利于飞行器形式的效果是否可以用包括扩展水平显示器的最新技术来复制，扩展水平显示器以覆盖速度和高度的比例（例如，B787）描绘了在整个屏幕上扩展的人工水平）。

背景：尽管水平移动格式代表了西方航空的标准方法，但从1950年代到1970年代，人们对​​圆形机电设备的人为因素研究仍偏爱移动飞机格式，因为它可以更好地支持飞行路径跟踪和异常的姿态恢复。但是，最近使用实验室显示器进行的研究与现代主要飞行显示器更相似，但结果却不一致。这导致了一个假设，即显示器的设计是这些影响的调节因素。

方法：32位新手和13名飞行员在基于PC的模拟器中完成了几种跟踪和恢复任务，该模拟器配备了水平移动和水平飞行格式的经典和扩展视野设计。

结果：数据表明，以前采用飞行器格式显示银行信息的效果可以用当前的主要飞行显示设计复制。然而，至少对于飞行员而言，扩展视野设计似乎减少了这种影响。

结论：结果表明，至少对于新的应用，例如遥控飞机的控制，应重新考虑姿态指示器的格式。