ABSTRACT

Background: Mnemonic-type startle and surprise procedures were previously proposed to help pilots cope with startle and surprise in-flight, but effects on performance after procedure execution have not yet been investigated.

Objective: Thus, we tested the effectiveness a new mnemonic-type procedure in a moving-base simulator with a non-linear model of a small twin-propeller aircraft flown single-pilot.

Method: An experimental group of twelve line pilots was trained to use a four-item procedure: 1. Calm down: take a deep breath, sit up straight and relax shoulders and hands. 2. Observe: call out the basic flight parameters. 3. Outline: formulate a hypothesis about the problem. 4. Lead: formulate and execute a plan of action. A control group of twelve line pilots received a control training. Next, all pilots performed four scenarios with startling and surprising events. Data were obtained on pilot performance, stress, procedure application and evaluation.

Results: Application of the procedure in the test scenarios was high (90.0% full, 100.0% partly), and pilots evaluated the procedure positively (median: 4 on a 1–5 point scale). There was significantly superior decision-making in the experimental group, but immediate responses were significantly less optimal. Pilots sometimes applied the procedure at inappropriate moments.

Conclusion: The results of the tested mnemonic-type procedure were promising. The procedure may benefit, however, from modifications to reduce complexity and to stimulate application at the appropriate moment.

摘要

背景：先前曾提出过助记符式的惊吓和惊奇程序来帮助飞行员应对飞行中的惊吓和惊奇，但尚未研究程序执行后对性能的影响。

目的：因此，我们在带有小型双螺旋桨飞机单驾驶员飞行模型的非线性模型的移动基座模拟器中测试了一种新型记忆法的有效性。

方法：训练一个由十二名飞行员组成的实验组，使用四项程序：1.冷静：深呼吸，坐直并放松肩膀和双手。2.观察：调出基本飞行参数。3.概述：提出关于该问题的假设。4.领导：制定并执行行动计划。一个由十二名飞行员组成的对照组进行了控制培训。接下来，所有飞行员都执行了四种令人震惊和令人惊讶的事件。获得了有关飞行员性能，压力，程序应用和评估的数据。

结果：该程序在测试场景中的应用率很高（90.0％完整，部分为100.0％），并且飞行员对该程序进行了积极评估（中位数：1-5分的评分为4）。实验组的决策明显优于其他人，但即时反应的最优性却明显较差。飞行员有时会在不适当的时间应用该程序。

结论：测试的记忆型程序的结果是有希望的。但是，该程序可能会受益于修改，以减少复杂性并在适当的时候刺激应用。