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Nonreligious Identity in Three Western European Countries: A Closer Look at Nonbelievers’ Self-identifications and Attitudes Towards Religion
The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion ( IF 2.880 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 , DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2020.1746984 Marjaana Lindeman 1 , Pinja Marin 1 , Uffe Schjoedt 2 , Michiel van Elk 3
The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion ( IF 2.880 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 , DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2020.1746984 Marjaana Lindeman 1 , Pinja Marin 1 , Uffe Schjoedt 2 , Michiel van Elk 3
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ABSTRACT The growing secularism generates considerable interest in the manifestations of religious unbelief. In this study, conducted in Finland, Denmark, and the Netherland (N = 4404), we asked participants which of the following terms best describes their religious/spiritual identity: religious believer, spiritual but not religious, spiritual seeker, atheist, anti-religious, agnostic, nonbeliever, secular, or other. We also examined the participants’ God beliefs and their attitudes toward religion. While connotations of identity terms varied considerably across individuals and countries, the nonreligious identification groups consistently differed in the strength and certainty of God belief, and by the valence, ambivalence, importance, and reflection of the attitudes toward religion. The anti-religious had the most negative and unequivocal attitudes, and the agnostics, seculars, and spiritual seekers had the most uncertain God beliefs. By associating distinct attitude profiles with non-religious self-identification labels, the findings improve our understanding of why people choose a specific label in surveys on non-religiosity.
中文翻译:
三个西欧国家的非宗教身份:仔细审视非信徒的自我认同和对宗教的态度
摘要 日益增长的世俗主义引起了人们对宗教不信仰表现的极大兴趣。在这项在芬兰、丹麦和荷兰(N = 4404)进行的研究中,我们询问参与者以下哪些术语最能描述他们的宗教/精神身份:宗教信徒、精神但不宗教、精神追求者、无神论者、反宗教的、不可知论的、非信徒的、世俗的或其他的。我们还研究了参与者的上帝信仰和他们对宗教的态度。虽然身份术语的内涵因个人和国家而异,但非宗教认同群体在上帝信仰的强度和确定性以及对宗教态度的效价、矛盾性、重要性和反映方面始终存在差异。反宗教者的态度最为消极和明确,不可知论者、世俗者和精神追求者的态度最不确定。通过将不同的态度特征与非宗教的自我认同标签相关联,这些发现提高了我们对人们在非宗教性调查中选择特定标签的原因的理解。
更新日期:2020-05-27
中文翻译:
三个西欧国家的非宗教身份:仔细审视非信徒的自我认同和对宗教的态度
摘要 日益增长的世俗主义引起了人们对宗教不信仰表现的极大兴趣。在这项在芬兰、丹麦和荷兰(N = 4404)进行的研究中,我们询问参与者以下哪些术语最能描述他们的宗教/精神身份:宗教信徒、精神但不宗教、精神追求者、无神论者、反宗教的、不可知论的、非信徒的、世俗的或其他的。我们还研究了参与者的上帝信仰和他们对宗教的态度。虽然身份术语的内涵因个人和国家而异,但非宗教认同群体在上帝信仰的强度和确定性以及对宗教态度的效价、矛盾性、重要性和反映方面始终存在差异。反宗教者的态度最为消极和明确,不可知论者、世俗者和精神追求者的态度最不确定。通过将不同的态度特征与非宗教的自我认同标签相关联,这些发现提高了我们对人们在非宗教性调查中选择特定标签的原因的理解。