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Assessing Spirituality on Two Dimensions: Closeness to God and Focal Orientation
The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion ( IF 2.880 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-10 , DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2019.1633853
Carissa A. Sharp 1 , Kathryn A. Johnson 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Assessing the nature of people’s relationships with God or the Divine is a central concern in the psychology of religion. We developed an intuitive, single-item diagrammatic scale which measures spirituality along two dimensions: (1) closeness to God or the Divine, and (2) the focus of that relationship as aimed at understanding either God (theo-focused) or the Self (ego-focused). In predominantly Christian and SBNR US samples, we found that the closeness dimension (from distant to close) was highly correlated with awareness of God’s presence and also with various measures of religiosity and belief in a personal God. Additionally, focal orientation discriminated between different aspects of religiosity/spirituality. Theo-focused spirituality was associated with religious beliefs and practices such as religious commitment, belief in a personal God, and religious service attendance. Moreover, it was a positive predictor of social responsibility, belief in a dangerous world, and support for government spending on the military. In contrast, ego-focused spirituality was associated with an eclectic combination of unorthodox religious beliefs, an individualistic approach to spirituality, as well as an interest in science, support for government spending on scientific research, and environmentalism. Finally, we found similar between-group differences in closeness and focal orientation across the US, UK, and India. We expect that this short, intuitive measure will be useful for better understanding a wide range of relationships with the Divine.

中文翻译:

从两个维度评估灵性:亲近上帝和焦点定位

摘要 评估人们与上帝或神性的关系的性质是宗教心理学的一个核心问题。我们开发了一个直观的单项图表量表,从两个维度衡量灵性:(1)与上帝或神圣的亲近,以及(2)这种关系的重点是为了理解上帝(以神为中心)或自我(以自我为中心)。在以基督教和 SBNR 为主的美国样本中,我们发现亲近度(从远到近)与对上帝存在的意识以及各种宗教信仰和对个人上帝的信仰高度相关。此外,焦点取向区分宗教信仰/灵性的不同方面。以 Theo 为中心的灵性与宗教信仰和实践有关,例如宗教承诺、信仰个人上帝,参加宗教仪式。此外,它是社会责任、对危险世界的信念以及对政府军费开支的支持的积极预测指标。相比之下,以自我为中心的灵性与非正统的宗教信仰、个人主义的灵性方法以及对科学的兴趣、对政府科学研究支出的支持和环保主义的折衷结合有关。最后,我们发现美国、英国和印度在亲密程度和焦点方向方面存在类似的组间差异。我们期望这个简短、直观的衡量标准将有助于更好地理解与神的广泛关系。相信一个危险的世界,并支持政府在军事上的开支。相比之下,以自我为中心的灵性与非正统的宗教信仰、个人主义的灵性方法以及对科学的兴趣、对政府科学研究支出的支持和环保主义的折衷结合有关。最后,我们发现美国、英国和印度在亲密程度和焦点方向方面存在类似的组间差异。我们期望这个简短、直观的衡量标准将有助于更好地理解与神的广泛关系。相信一个危险的世界,并支持政府在军事上的开支。相比之下,以自我为中心的灵性与非正统的宗教信仰、个人主义的灵性方法以及对科学的兴趣、对政府科学研究支出的支持和环保主义的折衷结合有关。最后,我们发现美国、英国和印度在亲密程度和焦点方向方面存在类似的组间差异。我们期望这个简短、直观的衡量标准将有助于更好地理解与神的广泛关系。支持政府在科学研究和环保方面的支出。最后,我们发现美国、英国和印度在亲密程度和焦点方向方面存在类似的组间差异。我们希望这个简短、直观的衡量标准将有助于更好地理解与神的广泛关系。支持政府在科学研究和环保方面的支出。最后,我们发现美国、英国和印度在亲密程度和焦点方向方面存在类似的组间差异。我们期望这个简短、直观的衡量标准将有助于更好地理解与神的广泛关系。
更新日期:2019-07-10
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