Critics of neoliberalism argue that so-called meritocratic and identity-neutral social policies and political positions actually reinforce and exacerbate intersecting inequalities, namely racism, sexism, heterosexism, classism, and ethnocentrism/xenophobia. The purpose of these studies was to develop and initially validate a scale of neoliberal attitudes from a wide range of existing instruments that reflect anti-neoliberal theory. A series of three studies resulted in a 25-item instrument—the Anti-Neoliberal Attitudes Scale (ANAS)—that exhibits initial evidence of construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis with students from two universities revealed a four-factor structure of Racism and Sexism Awareness, Communitarian Values, Multicultural Ideology, and Inequality Consciousness. However, a confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample of undergraduate students suggests a bifactor model in which the general factor explains most of the variance and that the instrument should be treated as a single scale, rather than independent subscales. Significant correlations with measures of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation suggest convergent validity. Temporal stability was established via a test–retest analysis in an independent sample of undergraduate students. Finally, responses from a sample of MTurk workers provided evidence of the ANAS’s incremental validity when compared to an existing measure of neoliberal beliefs. Implications for future empirical work on the psychological dimensions of neoliberalism are discussed.

中文翻译：

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测量新自由主义：发展和初步验证的反神经态度的规模。

对新自由主义的批评者认为，所谓的有专制和身份中立的社会政策和政治立场实际上在加剧和加剧了种族主义，性别歧视，异性恋，阶级主义和种族中心主义/仇外心理等交叉不平等现象。这些研究的目的是从反映反新自由主义理论的各种现有工具中发展和初步验证新自由主义态度的规模。一系列三个研究的导致了25项仪器的抗-新自由态度量表（ANAS） -即初始展品建构效度，内部一致性，和重测信度的证据。对来自两所大学的学生进行的探索性因素分析显示，四因素结构种族主义和性别歧视意识，社区价值观，多元文化意识形态和不平等意识。但是，通过对独立的大学生样本进行的确认性因素分析，提出了一种双因素模型，其中一般因素解释了大多数方差，并且该工具应被视为单一量表，而不是独立的子量表。与右翼专制主义和社会主导地位的测度之间的显着相关性表明了聚合效度。通过对独立的大学生样本进行测验-再测分析来建立时间稳定性。最后，与现有的新自由主义信念测度相比，来自MTurk工人样本的答复提供了ANAS增量有效性的证据。讨论了未来对新自由主义的心理层面的实证研究的意义。