Trauma is an inescapable part of being human, whether caused by external events or internal struggles. Self-reflection and self-awareness aid in the recovery from external trauma and heal psychosomatic wounds. We first explain different understandings of the nature of the self and mechanisms of self-reflection and self-awareness. Then we describe the role of self-reflection and awareness in ontogenetic, sociogenic, liberative, transpersonal, and spiritual models of adult development. Finally, we discuss the practice of Buddhist mindfulness, Westernized forms of mindfulness, and McMindfulness and their potential for raising the level of self-awareness, increase resilience during hard times, and heal from trauma.

创伤是人类不可避免的一部分，无论是由外部事件还是由内部斗争引起的。自我反思和自我意识有助于从外部创伤和心理创伤中恢复。我们首先解释对自我本质的不同理解以及自我反思和自我意识的机制。然后，我们描述自我反思和意识在成人发育的成因，社会成因，解放，超个人和精神模型中的作用。最后，我们讨论了佛教正念，西式正念和McMindfulness的实践，以及它们在提高自我意识水平，在困难时期提高韧性和从创伤中恢复的潜力。