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Motivating Operations and Negative Reinforcement
Perspectives on Behavior Science ( IF 3.226 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s40614-020-00266-8
Timothy L Edwards 1 , Alan Poling 2
Affiliation  

The motivating operations concept has improved the precision of our approach to analyzing behavior; it serves as a framework for classifying events that alter the reinforcing and punishing effectiveness of other events. Nevertheless, some aspects of the concept are seriously flawed, thereby limiting its utility. We contend in this article that the emphasis it places on the onset of some stimuli (putative motivating operations) making their offset a reinforcer in the absence of a learning history (i.e., in the case of unconditioned motivating operations), or because of such a history (i.e., in the case of reflexive conditioned motivating operations), is of no value in predicting or controlling behavior. It is unfortunate that this pseudo-analysis has been widely accepted, which has drawn attention away from actual motivating operations that are relevant to negative reinforcement, and led to conceptually flawed explanations of challenging human behaviors that are escape-maintained. When used appropriately, the motivating operations concept can help to clarify the conditions under which a stimulus change (in particular, stimulus termination) will function as a negative reinforcer. From both a theoretical and a practical perspective, rethinking the application of the motivating operations concept to negative reinforcement is advantageous. Herein, we explore the implications of doing so with the aim of encouraging relevant research and improving the practice of applied behavior analysis.

中文翻译:

激励操作和负强化

激励操作的概念提高了我们分析行为的方法的准确性;它用作对改变其他事件的强化和惩罚效果的事件进行分类的框架。然而,该概念的某些方面存在严重缺陷,从而限制了其实用性。我们在这篇文章中争辩说,它强调一些刺激(假定的激励操作)的开始,在没有学习历史的情况下(即,在无条件的激励操作的情况下),或者因为这样的历史(即,在条件反射的激励操作的情况下),在预测或控制行为方面没有价值。不幸的是,这种伪分析已被广泛接受,这已将注意力从与负强化相关的实际激励操作上转移开,并导致对逃避维持的具有挑战性的人类行为的概念上有缺陷的解释。如果使用得当,激励操作概念可以帮助澄清刺激变化(特别是刺激终止)将作为负强化物发挥作用的条件。从理论和实践的角度来看,重新思考激励操作概念在负强化中的应用是有利的。在此,我们探讨了这样做的意义,目的是鼓励相关研究并改进应用行为分析的实践。如果使用得当,激励操作概念可以帮助澄清刺激变化(特别是刺激终止)将作为负强化物发挥作用的条件。从理论和实践的角度来看,重新思考激励操作概念在负强化中的应用是有利的。在此,我们探讨了这样做的意义,目的是鼓励相关研究并改进应用行为分析的实践。如果使用得当,激励操作概念可以帮助澄清刺激变化(特别是刺激终止)将作为负强化物发挥作用的条件。从理论和实践的角度来看,重新思考激励操作概念在负强化中的应用是有利的。在此,我们探讨了这样做的意义,目的是鼓励相关研究并改进应用行为分析的实践。重新思考激励操作概念在负强化中的应用是有利的。在此,我们探讨了这样做的意义,目的是鼓励相关研究并改进应用行为分析的实践。重新思考激励操作概念在负强化中的应用是有利的。在此,我们探讨了这样做的意义,目的是鼓励相关研究并改进应用行为分析的实践。
更新日期:2020-08-18
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