Abstract

Personal therapy has been proposed as an aid in promoting the professional development of psychotherapists by increasing their self-awareness, self-reflexivity, and self-knowledge of the therapy process and of personal characteristics. Psychoanalysis/psychodynamic therapies, cognitive-behavioral therapies, humanistic/experiential therapies, and systemic/family therapies argue that working with the personal and professional self of the therapist is valuable in this respect. The objective of the present study is to summarize the theoretical and empirical literature on personal therapy and its effects on the professional development of therapists and on patient treatment. A systematic review of the literature was conducted and demonstrated a convergence between reported benefits from personal therapy and therapist qualities. Psychotherapists have rationales (e.g. improvement of emotional and mental functioning and a better understanding of the dynamics between therapist and patient) for attending personal therapy, and self-report studies indicate that they experience benefits related to the important characteristics of effective therapists (e.g. empathy, genuineness, formation of a working alliance). Studies of personal therapy and therapist development find no causal connection or correlation with or effects on patient treatment. However, these studies exhibit methodological weaknesses, such as inadequate controls and small sample sizes, making conclusions equivocal.

抽象的

已经提出了个人疗法，以帮助他们提高心理治疗师的自我意识，自我反射能力以及对治疗过程和个人特征的了解，从而促进他们的专业发展。心理分析/心理动力疗法，认知行为疗法，人文/体验疗法以及全身/家庭疗法认为，在这方面与治疗师的个人和专业自我合作很有价值。本研究的目的是总结有关个人治疗及其对治疗师专业发展和患者治疗的影响的理论和经验文献。进行了系统的文献回顾，并证明了个人治疗带来的益处与治疗师素质之间的融合。心理治疗师具有参加个人疗法的理由（例如，情绪和心理功能的改善以及对治疗师和患者之间动态的更好理解），自我报告研究表明，他们会从有效治疗师的重要特征（例如，同理心，真实性，组成一个有效的联盟）。个人治疗和治疗师发展的研究发现，与患者治疗没有因果关系，相关性或对患者治疗的影响。但是，这些研究显示出方法学上的弱点，例如对照不足和样本量小，使得结论是模棱两可的。自我报告研究表明，他们从有效治疗师的重要特征（例如，同理心，真诚，建立工作联盟）中受益。个人治疗和治疗师发展的研究发现，与患者治疗没有因果关系，相关性或对患者治疗的影响。但是，这些研究显示出方法学上的弱点，例如对照不足和样本量小，使得结论是模棱两可的。自我报告研究表明，他们从有效治疗师的重要特征（例如，同理心，真诚，建立工作联盟）中受益。个人治疗和治疗师发展的研究发现，与患者治疗没有因果关系，相关性或对患者治疗的影响。但是，这些研究显示出方法学上的弱点，例如对照不足和样本量小，使得结论是模棱两可的。