ABSTRACT

A growing body of research on the media’s effects on body image suggests that media of different forms plays a vital role in shaping people’s body image concerns and behavioral intentions. By conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis of published and gray literature (in total 127 studies yielding 543 effect sizes of seven measures), this study examined the relationship between media and a wide range of body image-related outcomes as well as moderators (e.g., media type, outcome type, age group, gender proportion in the sample, and study design). The analysis demonstrated that the magnitude of this relationship significantly varied across media types (i.e., television commercial, television program, magazine commercial, magazine contents, and social media) and outcome types (i.e., affective, cognitive, or behavioral outcomes). Moreover, there were three major findings of this meta-analysis: 1) both women and men of all age groups across multiple countries could be affected by thin/athletic-ideal media exposure; 2) media with a commercial purpose compared to those with no commercial purpose was less effective in increasing body image concerns; 3) media exposure was the most influential in provoking the eating disorder and the internalization of thin-ideal.

摘要

越来越多关于媒体对身体形象影响的研究表明，不同形式的媒体在塑造人们的身体形象关注点和行为意图方面起着至关重要的作用。通过对已发表和灰色文献（总共 127 项研究产生 7 项措施的 543 个效应量）进行全面的荟萃分析，本研究检查了媒体与广泛的身体形象相关结果以及调节因素（例如，媒体类型、结果类型、年龄组、样本中的性别比例和研究设计）。分析表明，这种关系的大小因媒体类型（即电视广告、电视节目、杂志广告、杂志内容和社交媒体）和结果类型（即情感、认知或行为结果）而异。而且，这项荟萃分析有三个主要发现：1) 多个国家所有年龄组的女性和男性都可能受到薄/理想的媒体曝光的影响；2) 与没有商业目的的媒体相比，有商业目的的媒体在增加身体形象关注方面的效果较差；3）媒体曝光对引发饮食失调和瘦理想内化的影响最大。