Restorative justice provides an alternative to retributive justice by seeking to restore criminal offenders to be responsible members of the community. Often offenders will apologize (A) and offer to make restitution (R) for the damage done. Such offers might affect all parties present by promoting forgiveness (though that is not a stated goal of restorative justice), resolution of damages, and positive attitudes toward justice. We investigated Family Group Conferencing (FGC), which involves offender, victim, and supporters of each, in a mediated 30-minute dialogue. Namely, we organized role-play simulation meetings between “victims,” “offenders,” and the “mother” of each. There were 64 participants (16 groups of 4 participants). Each group role-played a mediated FGC that was video recorded. The offender had either to apologize and offer restitution (AR) or avoid both (No AR). Questionnaires assessed forgiveness (and other outcomes) from each of the four participants’ perspectives. Coders coded behavior during the role-play. AR promoted forgiveness by all parties, but to different degrees. Coded “softness” of offender’s behavior (i.e., nonverbal signs of remorse, contrition, and regret) affected victim’s behaviors and ratings by women role-playing both mothers. The role-play simulation allowed some understanding of the inner working of FGCs relative to retrospective questionnaires.

中文翻译：

---

角色扮演恢复性司法实验中的道歉和赔偿：多视角、多措施

恢复性司法通过寻求使刑事犯罪者恢复成为负责任的社区成员，提供了一种替代报复性司法的方式。犯罪者通常会道歉 (A) 并提出赔偿 (R) 对造成的损害。这种提议可能会通过促进宽恕（尽管这不是恢复性正义的既定目标）、解决损害赔偿和对正义的积极态度来影响在场的所有各方。我们调查了家庭小组会议 (FGC)，该会议在 30 分钟的调解对话中涉及犯罪者、受害者和每个人的支持者。也就是说，我们组织了“受害者”、“罪犯”和“母亲”之间的角色扮演模拟会议。共有 64 名参与者（16 组，每组 4 名参与者）。每个小组都扮演了一个录制视频的中介 FGC。罪犯要么道歉并提供赔偿（AR）要么避免两者（无AR）。问卷从四个参与者的每个角度评估宽恕（和其他结果）。编码员在角色扮演期间编码行为。AR促进了各方的宽恕，但程度不同。犯罪者行为的编码“柔软”（即悔恨、悔恨和后悔的非语言迹象）影响了受害者的行为和扮演母亲的女性角色的评分。角色扮演模拟允许对 FGC 相对于回顾性问卷的内部工作有一些了解。犯罪者行为的编码“柔软”（即悔恨、忏悔和后悔的非语言迹象）影响了受害者的行为和扮演母亲的女性角色的评分。角色扮演模拟允许对 FGC 相对于回顾性问卷的内部工作有一些了解。犯罪者行为的编码“柔软”（即悔恨、悔恨和后悔的非语言迹象）影响了受害者的行为和扮演母亲的女性角色的评分。角色扮演模拟允许对 FGC 相对于回顾性问卷的内部工作有一些了解。