This study investigated age differences and similarities in younger and older women’s ability to accurately judge others’ emotions, personality, and rapport, collectively referred to as interpersonal accuracy (IPA). A sample of 124 young (ages 18–22) and 94 older women (ages 60–90) completed four different IPA tasks: two emotion perception tasks using posed stimuli, and two interaction-based tasks where participants judged their interaction partner’s personality and perceived rapport. Accuracy performance was analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Young women outperformed older women in judging emotions from static facial expressions as well as dynamic multimodal emotion portrayals, but not in judging an interaction partner’s personality traits or rating of rapport. The age difference was stronger for the dynamic as compared to the static stimuli. Performance across tasks was correlated more in older than in younger women, in particular among the emotion recognition tasks. These results offer some evidence for a single IPA skill in older compared to younger adults and may guide future work in measuring changes to interpersonal accuracy across the adult lifespan.

中文翻译：

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整个人生过程中人际交往能力的各个方面：老年人中只有一项技能吗？

这项研究调查了年轻女性和老年女性准确判断他人情绪，性格和融洽能力的年龄差异和相似性，统称为人际交往准确性（IPA）。来自124位年轻（18-22岁）和94位年龄较大（60-90岁）女性的样本完成了四项不同的IPA任务：两项使用姿势刺激的情感感知任务，以及两项基于互动的任务，参与者可以判断其互动伙伴的性格和感知能力关系。使用频度方法和贝叶斯方法分析了准确性表现。在判断静态面部表情以及动态多式联运情感刻画方面，年轻女性的表现优于老年女性，但在判断互动对象的性格特征或融洽关系方面，则不如女性。与静态刺激相比，动态刺激的年龄差异更大。与年轻女性相比，老年女性的各项任务绩效之间的相关性更高，尤其是在情绪识别任务中。