People rapidly form impressions of others based on their gender. Women tend to be liked more than men but men tend to be regarded as more powerful. However, a person’s nonverbal behavior has the potential to confirm or override these stereotypical impressions. Specifically, expansive, open body postures (e.g., based on widespread limbs) tend to convey high power compared to contracted, closed body positions. In three studies, we tested whether postural variations affected evaluations of men and women and impressions of their power. In Study 1, images of women elicited a more positive reactions than images of men in an affective misattribution procedure, but only when women enacted contracted body postures. In Studies 2 and 3, participants were slower to classify images of expansive postures as high power when enacted by women and slower to classify contracted postures as low power when enacted by men, but rated men and women similarly in explicit power-related judgments. Expansive body postures thus appeared to eliminate the usual positive reaction to women relative to men, but women still did not implicitly convey power to the same degree as men. Gender did not interfere with explicit, more controlled judgments of power. Together these studies demonstrate that gender implicitly interferes with perceptions of a person’s power, even in the presence of potentially individuating body postures.

中文翻译：

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大功率人体姿势对女性的隐性反应：虽然不妙，但仍然较弱

人们会根据自己的性别迅速形成对他人的印象。女人往往比男人更受喜欢，但男人往往被认为更有力量。但是，一个人的非语言行为有可能确认或超越这些刻板印象。具体地，与收缩的，闭合的身体位置相比，膨胀的，开放的身体姿势（例如，基于广泛的四肢）倾向于传递高功率。在三项研究中，我们测试了姿势变化是否会影响男人和女人的评估以及他们对力量的印象。在研究1中，在情感错误归因程序中，女性形象比男性形象引起的积极反应更多，但只有当女性表现出收缩的身体姿势时，女性的形象才会比男性的形象积极。在研究2和3中，参与者在由女性制定时将较慢的姿势分类为高强度，而在男性制定时较慢地将收缩姿势分类为低强度，但在与显性权力相关的判断中对男性和女性的评价相似。因此，宽大的身体姿势似乎消除了女性相对于男性通常的积极反应，但是女性仍然没有隐性地传递与男性相同的力量。性别不干预明确，更可控制的权力判断。这些研究共同表明，即使存在潜在个性化的身体姿势，性别也会隐式干扰人们对力量的理解。因此，宽大的身体姿势似乎消除了女性相对于男性通常的积极反应，但是女性仍然没有隐性地传递与男性相同的力量。性别不干预明确，更可控制的权力判断。这些研究共同表明，即使存在潜在个性化的身体姿势，性别也会隐式干扰人们对力量的理解。因此，宽大的身体姿势似乎消除了女性相对于男性通常的积极反应，但是女性仍然没有隐性地传递与男性相同的力量。性别不干预明确，更可控制的权力判断。这些研究共同表明，即使存在潜在个性化的身体姿势，性别也会隐式干扰人们对力量的理解。