Cultural norms for the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion vary widely between individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Collectivistic cultures value conformity, social harmony, and social status hierarchies, which demand sensitivity and focus to broader social contexts, such that attention is directed to contextual emotion information to effectively function within constrained social roles and suppress incongruent personal emotions. By contrast, individualistic cultures valuing autonomy and personal aspirations are more likely to attend to central emotion information and to reappraise emotions to avoid negative emotional experience. Here we examined how culture affects perceptual strategies employed during emotion regulation, particularly during cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression. Eye movements were measured while healthy young adult participants viewed negative International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images and regulated emotions by using either strategies of reappraisal (19 Asian American, 21 Caucasian American) or suppression (21 Asian American, 23 Caucasian American). After image viewing, participants rated how negative they felt as a measure of subjective emotional experience. Consistent with prior studies, reappraisers made lower negative valence ratings after regulating emotions than suppressers across both Asian American and Caucasian American groups. Although no cultural variation was observed in subjective emotional experience during emotion regulation, we found evidence of cultural variation in perceptual strategies used during emotion regulation. During middle and late time periods of emotional suppression, Asian American participants made significantly fewer fixations to emotionally salient areas than Caucasian American participants. These results indicate cultural variation in perceptual differences underlying emotional suppression, but not cognitive reappraisal.

中文翻译：

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情绪调节背后的感知策略中的文化差异

在个人主义和集体主义文化之间，体验，表达和情绪调节的文化规范差异很大。集体主义文化重视整合性，社会和谐和社会地位等级制，这要求敏感度并集中于更广泛的社会环境，因此注意力集中在情境情感信息上，以在受约束的社会角色中有效发挥作用并抑制不协调的个人情感。相比之下，重视自主性和个人志向的个人主义文化更可能关注中心情感信息并重新评估情感，以避免负面的情感体验。在这里，我们研究了文化如何影响情绪调节过程中采用的感知策略，尤其是在认知重新评估和情绪抑制过程中。在健康的年轻成年参与者观看负面国际情感图片系统（IAPS）图像并通过重新评估（19位亚裔美国人，21位白种人美国人）或压制（21位亚裔美国人，23位白种人美国人）的策略调节情绪时，对眼球运动进行了测量。在查看图像之后，参与者将自己的负面情绪评价为一种主观情感体验的量度。与先前的研究一致，在亚裔美国人和高加索裔美国人群体中，重新评估者在调节情绪后的负价比较低。尽管在情绪调节过程中没有在主观情绪体验中观察到文化差异，但我们发现在情绪调节过程中使用的感知策略中存在文化差异的证据。在情绪抑制的中后期，亚裔美国人的参与者对情绪显着部位的注视明显少于白人美国人。这些结果表明，文化差异的基础是情感抑制，而不是认知评估。