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Countries and Cultural Differences in the Stigma of Mental Illness: The East–West Divide
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology ( IF 2.577 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0022022119901297
Anne C. Krendl 1 , Bernice A. Pescosolido 1
Affiliation  

Mental illness is a global public health crisis. Although rates of untreated cases stand as a primary problem, stigma is a significant obstacle. Yet, global differences in levels and roots of stigma remain poorly understood. Using the Stigma in Global Context–Mental Health Study (SGC-MHS) data, we analyzed data on two components of stigma—prejudice and discriminatory potential—attached to clinically diagnostic cases of depression and schizophrenia. We examined whether stigma was higher in the East than West. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the link between prejudice and discriminatory potential in the East was due, in part, to cultural differences in the attributions about mental illness. With SGC-MHS’ nationally representative vignette data from over 11,000 respondents in 11 relevant countries (four Eastern, seven Western), analyses replicated past research of higher levels of stigma and more moral attributions in Eastern countries, particularly for depression. Moreover, prejudice-related disclosure spillover concerns predicted discriminatory potential (social distance) in the East, but not the West; this was driven by a greater emphasis on moral attributions in the East. Finally, exploratory analyses found that Western respondents endorsed higher discrimination for minority (vs. majority) group members with mental illness. In Eastern countries, the same pattern emerged for schizophrenia, but the reverse occurred for depression—greater stigma for majority as compared with minority group members. Together, these findings suggest that cultural differences in the sources of prejudice and attributions about the etiology of mental illness contribute, at least in part, to global differences in the profile of stigma.

中文翻译:

精神病耻辱的国家和文化差异:东西方鸿沟

精神疾病是全球性的公共卫生危机。尽管未治疗病例的发病率是一个主要问题,但污名是一个重大障碍。然而,人们对全球耻辱水平和根源差异的了解仍然很少。使用全球环境中的耻辱感-精神健康研究(SGC-MHS)数据,我们分析了与抑郁症和精神分裂症的临床诊断病例相关的污名的两个组成部分-偏见和歧视性潜力。我们检查了东方的污名是否高于西方。此外,我们假设东方的偏见与歧视潜力之间的联系部分归因于精神疾病归因中的文化差异。SGC-MHS的全国代表性小插图数据来自11个相关国家(四个东部,七个西部)的11,000多名受访者,分析重复了过去对东方国家(尤其是对于抑郁症)污名和道德归因更高的研究。此外,与偏见相关的信息外溢问题还涉及到东方而不是西方的预期歧视潜力(社会距离)。这是由于人们更加重视东方的道德归属。最后,探索性分析发现,西方受访者赞成对患有精神疾病的少数群体(相对于多数群体)成员的歧视更高。在东方国家,精神分裂症也出现了相同的模式,但抑郁症则出现了相反的情况,与少数群体成员相比,多数人的耻辱感更大。总之,这些发现表明,偏见的来源和精神疾病的病因归因上的文化差异至少部分是造成的,
更新日期:2020-02-01
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