People may have a visibly different appearance due to various causes, such as congenital conditions, injury, disease, or medical treatment. Some individuals with a visible difference experience social anxiety and isolation, body image dissatisfaction, shame and self-stigma, psychological trauma, and challenges managing their condition. In this article, we synthesize the relevant literature and present the theoretical rationale for the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a third-wave behavioral therapy combining mindfulness skills and value-driven action, to those experiencing distress relating to an unusual or altered appearance. We also outline how ACT may be tailored to the specific considerations of this population and recommend next steps in researching its acceptability and clinical effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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出现明显差异的与外观相关的痛苦的人们的接受和承诺疗法：相关研究的理论基础和综述

由于各种原因，例如先天性疾病，受伤，疾病或药物治疗，人们的外观可能明显不同。一些具有明显差异的人会遭受社交焦虑和孤立感，身体形象不满，羞辱和自尊，心理创伤以及应对其状况的挑战。在本文中，我们综合了相关文献，并提出了将正念技能和价值驱动的行为相结合的第三次浪潮行为疗法-接受和承诺疗法（ACT）的应用的理论基础，以应对那些因异常或不正常经历而困扰的人外观改变。我们还概述了如何针对该人群的具体考虑量身定制ACT，并建议研究其可接受性和临床有效性的下一步措施。