The prevalence and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in veterans and active-duty military remains unclear. We systematically reviewed literature on OCD diagnosis and treatment in U.S. Veterans and active-duty military to obtain a prevalence estimate, describe treatment approaches for OCD in veterans, and evaluate use of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Eight terms were used to identify studies in PubMed, PsychINFO and SCOPUS up to March 13, 2018; additional articles were identified from reference lists of 19 included studies, 16 addressing prevalence, and 3 addressing treatment. OCD prevalence is lower in studies employing electronic medical records databases than in studies using OCD assessments, suggesting underrecognition of OCD in clinical settings. Higher prevalence was seen with OCD screening tools than with diagnostic interviews. Lower OCD prevalence was seen in active-duty individuals than in veterans. Two case studies showed a decrease in OCD symptoms following ERP. Additional studies with larger samples and controlled designs examining ERP are needed.

中文翻译：

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退伍军人和现役军人强迫症的患病率和治疗：系统评价

退伍军人和现役军人的强迫症（OCD）的患病率和治疗方法尚不清楚。我们系统地回顾了有关美国退伍军人和现役军人OCD诊断和治疗的文献，以获得患病率估计值，描述了退伍军人对OCD的治疗方法，并评估了暴露和反应预防（ERP）的使用。截至2018年3月13日，使用八个术语来识别PubMed，PsychINFO和SCOPUS中的研究; 从19篇纳入研究，16篇针对流行率和3篇针对治疗的参考文献列表中发现了其他文章。在使用电子病历数据库的研究中，强迫症患病率低于使用强迫症评估的研究，这表明在临床环境中对强迫症的认识不足。与诊断性访谈相比，OCD筛查工具的患病率更高。现役个体的强迫症患病率低于退伍军人。两项案例研究表明，ERP后OCD症状有所减轻。需要进行更多的研究，以更大的样本和受控设计来检查ERP。