Precarious employment has been increasing worldwide. Yet there are few scales suitable to assess it, and no scales to measure perceived job precariousness in working students who are particularly vulnerable. Using classic test theory, we generated 21 job precariousness items and had them reviewed by experts. In Study 1 (N = 282, 63% female, mean age 22 years), exploratory factor analysis yielded four factors of job conditions, security, remuneration, and flexibility, each with 3 items. In Study 2 (N = 211, 75% female, mean age 22 years), confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that this four-factor model was the best fit compared to unidimensional, second-order, and bifactor models. Cronbach’s α coefficients for all factors and the full-scale score were sound (all >.78). Validity was supported by showing that precariousness was related negatively to life satisfaction and employer support and positively to job insecurity, financial strain, and subjective social status. Precariousness was unrelated to age, sex, and hours worked. The Job Precariousness Scale has the potential to promote research into the effects of precarious employment on working students’ current and future functioning and achievement and how experiences of precariousness influence the development of a precarity identity.

中文翻译：

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适用于学习和工作的年轻人的自我报告工作不稳定程度量表的制定和初步验证

不稳定的就业在世界范围内一直在增加。但是，几乎没有适合评估的量表，也没有衡量特别脆弱的在职学生所感知的工作不稳定状况的量表。使用经典的测试理论，我们生成了21个工作不稳定的项目，并由专家进行了审查。在研究1中（N = 282，女性为63％，平均年龄为22岁），探索性因素分析得出了工作条件，安全性，薪酬和灵活性的四个因素，每个因素都有3个项目。在研究2中（N = 211，女性75％，平均年龄22岁），验证性因素分析证实，与一维，二阶和双因素模型相比，此四因素模型是最合适的。所有因素的Cronbachα系数和满刻度得分都是合理的（均> .78）。通过证明不稳定因素与生活满意度和雇主支持负相关，与工作不安全感，财务压力和主观社会地位成正比，从而证明了有效性。不稳定与年龄，性别和工作时间无关。“工作不稳定”量表有可能促进研究不稳定就业对在职学生当前和未来工作以及成就的影响，以及不稳定经历如何影响不稳定身份的发展。