Recent trends indicate that organizations will continue their strategic pursuit of teamwork for the foreseeable future, which will create a need for accurate assessments of individuals’ performance in teams. Although individual behaviors can be perceived and assessed by fellow team members (i.e., peers), the extent to which the team shapes perceivers’ judgments versus the target’s behavior is unclear. We conducted two studies to understand how and why team context influences peer ratings of individual performance. In study 1, we conducted cross-classified modeling on a sample of 7160 performance observations of 568 targets made by 567 perceivers, who were each members of four separate teams. Results indicated that team membership accounted for a substantially higher proportion of perceiver, relative to target, variance. In study 2, we conducted social relations modeling with a sample of 679 performance observations collected from 217 individuals nested in 46 teams to test the effects of psychological safety on perceiver, target, and team variance components. Perceptions of psychological safety accounted for proportionally larger perceiver, relative to target, variance in OCB, and task performance ratings. Altogether, team context appears to affect perceivers’ judgments of behavior more than the target’s behavior itself, implying that peer ratings sourced from different teams may not be comparable. We consider the implications for the collection and interpretation of peer performance ratings in teams and the potential implications for social cognitive theory, such that certain aspects of the team context, including psychological safety, may act as a cognitive heuristic by molding perceiver judgments of targets.

最近的趋势表明，在可预见的未来，组织将继续其对团队合作的战略追求，这将产生对个人在团队中的表现进行准确评估的需求。尽管团队成员（即同伴）可以感知和评估个人行为，但团队对感知者的判断与目标行为的影响程度尚不清楚。我们进行了两项研究，以了解团队环境如何以及为何影响个人绩效的同行评级。在研究 1 中，我们对 567 个感知者（他们分别是四个独立团队的成员）做出的 568 个目标的 7160 个绩效观察样本进行了交叉分类建模。结果表明，相对于目标方差，团队成员在感知者中所占的比例要高得多。在研究 2 中，我们使用从嵌套在 46 个团队中的 217 个人中收集的 679 个绩效观察样本进行社会关系建模，以测试心理安全对感知者、目标和团队方差分量的影响。相对于目标、OCB 的差异和任务绩效评级，心理安全感的感知比例更大。总而言之，团队环境似乎比目标行为本身更能影响感知者对行为的判断，这意味着来自不同团队的同行评级可能没有可比性。我们考虑对团队中同伴绩效评级的收集和解释的影响以及对社会认知理论的潜在影响，例如团队背景的某些方面，包括心理安全，