Introduction

Feminist scholars have proposed that adolescents experience a loss of voice termed “self-silencing” due to the internalization of gender norms. A growing literature shows that the content and strength of adolescents' gender norms is dependent on ethic socialization practices.

Methods

We examined the association among self-silencing behaviors and gender ideology, measured both explicitly and implicitly, in a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 12–14 year old American adolescents (N = 119, 62 female).

Results & conclusion

Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-silencing was weakly associated with implicit gender ideology, but being White and female were larger risk factors for self-silencing. The internalization of implicit gender norms weakly predicted self-silencing when adjusting for ethnicity and gender, but we challenge past research by showing gender and ethnicity to be stronger predictors than gender ideology. Self-silencing occurred in both boys and girls, but was slightly more salient in girls. We report preliminary findings intended for replication due to limitations on statistical power and the introduction of an implicit measurement tool for assessing gender attitudes with adolescents. Implications include clarification of the widely debated association between self-silencing and gender ideology and the development of more culturally nuanced theories of interpersonal development as it relates to gender and ethnicity during adolescence

中文翻译：

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简要报告：性别和种族预测超越性别意识形态的青少年自我沉默

介绍

女权主义者的学者提出，由于性别规范的内在化，青少年经历了被称为“自我沉默”的失声。越来越多的文献表明，青少年性别规范的内容和强度取决于道德社会化实践。

方法

我们在12-14岁的美国青少年（N = 119，62岁女性）的种族/民族和社会经济差异样本中，研究了自我沉默行为与性别意识形态之间的关联，这些关联是通过显性和隐性进行衡量的。

结果与结论

多元回归分析表明，自我沉默与内隐的性别意识形态微弱相关，但白人和女性是自我沉默的较大危险因素。内隐的性别规范的内部化在调整种族和性别时很难预测自我沉默，但是我们通过证明性别和种族比性别意识形态更能预测自我，对过去的研究提出了挑战。男孩和女孩都发生了自我沉默，但女孩的显性略显。由于统计能力的局限性以及引入了用于评估青少年性别态度的隐式测量工具，我们报告了旨在复制的初步发现。