ABSTRACT

Improved performance under pressure in sport and exercise has been termed clutch performance. The aim of this study was to systematically review, synthesise, and evaluate existing research on clutch performance. Specifically, this review explored: (i) research designs used to examine clutch performance; (ii) definitions of clutch performance; (iii) theoretical frameworks underlying clutch performance; (iv) how clutch performance has been measured; (v) the level of supporting evidence for clutch performance; and, (vi) evidence regarding how clutch performances occur. Ten electronic databases were searched in October 2019, with 27 studies found to meet the eligibility criteria included in the review. The results indicate that there is considerable definitional, conceptual, and measurement heterogeneity in the field of clutch performance. Multiple, conflicting definitions of clutch performance were identified in the literature, which consequently led to the adoption of two distinct approaches to examining clutch performance as: (i) an ability; or, (ii) an isolated episode of performance. These differing approaches have resulted in disparate measurement strategies, and accordingly, there was mixed evidence for the concept of clutch performance and how it occurs. In response to these issues, we propose four principles to help guide future research towards refined explanations of clutch performance.

摘要

在运动和锻炼中的压力下提高性能被称为离合器性能。本研究的目的是系统地回顾、综合和评估现有的离合器性能研究。具体而言，本次审查探讨了：(i) 用于检查离合器性能的研究设计；(ii) 离合器性能的定义；(iii) 离合器性能的理论框架；(iv) 如何测量离合器性能；(v) 离合器性能的支持证据水平；(vi) 关于离合器性能如何发生的证据。2019 年 10 月检索了 10 个电子数据库，发现 27 项研究符合纳入审查的资格标准。结果表明，离合器性能领域存在相当大的定义、概念和测量异质性。多种的，文献中确定了离合器性能的冲突定义，因此导致采用两种不同的方法来检查离合器性能：(i) 能力；或者，(ii) 单独的表演片段。这些不同的方法导致了不同的测量策略，因此，关于离合器性能的概念及其发生方式的证据不一。针对这些问题，我们提出了四项原则，以帮助指导未来的研究对离合器性能的精细解释。这些不同的方法导致了不同的测量策略，因此，关于离合器性能的概念及其发生方式的证据不一。针对这些问题，我们提出了四项原则，以帮助指导未来的研究对离合器性能的精细解释。这些不同的方法导致了不同的测量策略，因此，关于离合器性能的概念及其发生方式的证据不一。针对这些问题，我们提出了四项原则，以帮助指导未来的研究对离合器性能的精细解释。