ABSTRACT

Scholarship on gender and sexual diversity in sport has advanced during the last decade and it is nowadays recognised that we need a better understanding of how to facilitate inclusive sport cultures that allow all people to participate as themselves. The purpose of this scoping review was to map research activity on the sporting experiences of gender and sexual minority (GSM) athletes and coaches, identify gaps in the literature and provide suggestions for future research, policy and practice. Our literature search in four different databases yielded 58 relevant studies. Based on their focal areas, five dominant interconnected themes were identified: (1) identity, (2) discrimination, (3) coming out, (4) the body and (5) strategies for social change. More research is needed on bisexual, transgender and intersex athletes, on GSM coaches and junior athletes, as well as on the intersection of gender and sexuality with other identities and social categories of difference. Combining anti-discrimination policy implementation with gender and sexual diversity education for all those involved in sport could lead to positive changes in some of the issues that GSM athletes and coaches face in sport.

摘要

在过去十年中，关于体育中性别和性多样性的奖学金取得了进展，如今人们认识到我们需要更好地了解如何促进包容性体育文化，让所有人都能像他们自己一样参与。本次范围界定审查的目的是绘制关于性别和性少数 (GSM) 运动员和教练员运动经历的研究活动，找出文献中的差距，并为未来的研究、政策和实践提供建议。我们在四个不同的数据库中搜索了 58 项相关研究。根据他们的重点领域，确定了五个主要的相互关联的主题：（1）身份，（2）歧视，（3）出柜，（4）身体和（5）社会变革战略。需要对双性恋、跨性别和双性人运动员进行更多研究，GSM 教练和初级运动员，以及性别和性取向与其他身份和社会类别差异的交叉点。将反歧视政策的实施与所有体育参与者的性别和性多样性教育相结合，可能会导致 GSM 运动员和教练员在体育运动中面临的一些问题发生积极变化。