ABSTRACT

This study provides a detailed description of the process of the emergence of the utensil-using skill of infants to control encounters with food and mother-infant joint action that surrounds the emergence of this context-specific skill. Longitudinal observations from the first contact with a utensil to the beginning of successful self-feeding with a utensil found that there was an extended period of exploratory utensil use that precedes the use of the utensil for the goal of feeding around which adults organized the environment where such feeding-irrelevant activities of the infants were tolerated. Subsequently, adults gradually introduced and highlighted the opportunities for infants' functional feeding encounters, often by adjusting the position of objects on the table. Overall, we found the process of what may be called affordance selection—in which a definite set of opportunities for action among many available were selected by adults to invite certain spontaneous behaviors of developing infants. This study adds to the growing realization that normally occurring experiences of rich affordances matter in the development of specific behavior in a given cultural context.

摘要

这项研究详细描述了婴儿使用餐具的技巧来控制与食物和母婴共同行动相遇的过程，这些过程围绕着这种上下文相关技巧的出现。从首次接触器皿到开始成功使用器皿的纵向观察发现，在以使用器皿为目标进行喂养之前，有一段较长的探索性器皿使用时间，成年人围绕该器皿组织了环境。婴儿的这种与喂养无关的活动是可以容忍的。随后，成年人逐渐介绍并强调了婴儿经常通过调整桌子上物体位置来进行功能性喂养的机会。总体，我们发现了所谓的“负担能力选择”过程-成人选择了许多机会中的确定行动机会，以邀请发育中的婴儿某些自然行为。这项研究增加了人们的认识，即在给定的文化背景下，正常情况下丰富的供款经历对特定行为的发展至关重要。