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Racist Algorithms or Systemic Problems? Risk Assessments and Racial Disparities
Criminal Justice and Behavior ( IF 2.562 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.1177/0093854820954501 Gina M. Vincent 1 , Jodi L. Viljoen 2
Criminal Justice and Behavior ( IF 2.562 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.1177/0093854820954501 Gina M. Vincent 1 , Jodi L. Viljoen 2
Affiliation
As recent and historical events attest, racial and ethnic disparities are widely engrained into the justice system. Recently, scholars and policymakers have raised concerns that risk assessment instruments may exacerbate these disparities. While it is critical that risk instruments be scrutinized for racial bias, some concerns, though well-meaning, have gone beyond the evidence. This article explains what it means for an instrument to be “biased” and why instruments should not all be painted with the same brush (some will be more susceptible to bias than others). If some groups get apprehended more, those groups will score higher on non-biased, well-validated instruments derived to maximize prediction of recidivism because of mathematics. Thus, risk instruments shine a light on long-standing systemic problems of racial disparities. This article concludes with suggestions for research and for minimizing disparities by ensuring that systems use risk assessments to avoid unnecessary incarceration while allowing for structured discretion.
中文翻译:
种族主义算法还是系统性问题?风险评估和种族差异
正如最近和历史事件证明的那样,种族和族裔差异已广泛根植于司法系统。最近,学者和政策制定者提出了有关风险评估工具可能加剧这些差距的担忧。尽管对风险工具的种族偏见进行审查至关重要,但一些担忧尽管善意,却已超出了证据。本文解释了对仪器进行“偏置”的含义,以及为什么不应该全部使用相同的笔刷来绘制乐器(某些仪器比其他仪器更容易产生偏差)。如果某些小组被更多地逮捕,那么这些小组将因数学而在无偏见且经过充分验证的工具上得分更高,这些工具可以最大程度地预测累犯。因此,风险工具揭示了种族不平等的长期系统性问题。
更新日期:2020-09-10
中文翻译:
种族主义算法还是系统性问题?风险评估和种族差异
正如最近和历史事件证明的那样,种族和族裔差异已广泛根植于司法系统。最近,学者和政策制定者提出了有关风险评估工具可能加剧这些差距的担忧。尽管对风险工具的种族偏见进行审查至关重要,但一些担忧尽管善意,却已超出了证据。本文解释了对仪器进行“偏置”的含义,以及为什么不应该全部使用相同的笔刷来绘制乐器(某些仪器比其他仪器更容易产生偏差)。如果某些小组被更多地逮捕,那么这些小组将因数学而在无偏见且经过充分验证的工具上得分更高,这些工具可以最大程度地预测累犯。因此,风险工具揭示了种族不平等的长期系统性问题。