ABSTRACT

While it has been established that expression perception is rapid, it is unclear whether early appraisal mechanisms invoke holistic perception. In the current study, we defined gist perception as the appraisal of a stimulus within a single glance (<125 ms). We employed the expression composite task used previously by Tanaka and colleagues in a 2012 study, with several critical modifications: (i) we developed stimuli that eliminated contrast artifacts, (ii) we employed a masking technique to abolish low-level cues, and (iii) all the face stimuli were composite stimuli compared to mix of natural and composite stimuli previously used. Participants were shown a congruent (e.g. top: angry/ bottom: angry) or incongruent (e.g. top: angry/ bottom: happy) expression for 17, 50 or 250 ms and instructed to selectively attend to the cued expression depicted in the top (or bottom) half of the composite face and ignore the uncued portion. Compared to the isolated condition, a facilitation effect was found for congruent angry expressions, as well as an interference effect for incongruent happy and angry expressions at the shortest exposure duration of 17. Together these results provide evidence that the holistic gist perception of expression cannot be overridden by selective attention.

摘要

虽然已经确定表达感知是快速的，但尚不清楚早期评估机制是否会调用整体感知。在当前的研究中，我们将要点感知定义为对刺激的单眼评价（<125 毫秒）。我们采用了田中及其同事之前在 2012 年的一项研究中使用的表达复合任务，并进行了一些关键修改：（i）我们开发了消除对比度伪影的刺激，（ii）我们采用了一种掩蔽技术来消除低级线索，以及（ iii) 与之前使用的自然和复合刺激的混合相比，所有面部刺激都是复合刺激。向参与者展示了一致（例如顶部：生气/底部：愤怒）或不一致（例如顶部：愤怒/底部：高兴）的表达 17，50 或 250 毫秒，并被指示有选择地注意合成面部上半部分（或下半部分）中描绘的提示表情，而忽略未提示部分。与孤立条件相比，在最短的暴露时间 17 时，发现一致的愤怒表情有促进作用，以及不一致的快乐和愤怒表情的干扰作用。被选择性注意所覆盖。