A case-control study was performed to examine age, gender, and ABO blood groups in 1014 Iraqi hospitalized cases with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 901 blood donors (control group). The infection was molecularly diagnosed by detecting coronavirus RNA in nasal swabs of patients. Mean age was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (48.2 ± 13.8 vs. 29.9 ± 9.0 year; probability [p] < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the predictive significance of age in COVID-19 evolution (Area under curve = 0.858; 95% CI: 0.841 – 0.875; p < 0.001). Males outnumbered females in cases (60.4 vs. 39.6%) and controls (56 vs. 44%). Stratification by age group (< 30, 30 – 39, 40 – 49 and ≥ 50 years) revealed that 48.3% of cases clustered in the age group ≥ 50 years. ABO blood group analysis showed that group A was the most common among cases, while group O was the most common among controls (35.5 and 36.7%, respectively). Blood groups A (35.5 vs. 32.7; corrected p [pc] = 0.021), A+AB (46.3 vs. 41.7%; pc = 0.021) and A+B+AB (68.0 vs. 63.3%; pc = 0.007) showed significantly elevated frequencies in cases compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 - 2.02), 1.48 (95% CI: 1.14 - 1.93) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.82) for blood groups A, A+AB and A+B+AB, respectively. Blood group frequencies showed no significant differences between age groups of cases or controls. Regarding gender, male cases were marked with increased frequency of group A (39.9 vs. 28.9%) and decreased frequency of group O (25.9 vs. 41.0%) compared to female cases. Independent re-analysis of ABO blood groups in male and female cases demonstrated that group A was increased in male cases compared to male controls (39.9 vs. 33.1%; OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.21; pc = 0.006). On the contrary, no significant differences were found between females of cases and controls. The study results indicated that blood group A may be associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19, particularly in males.

中文翻译：

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ABO 血型与 COVID-19 易感性之间的关联：伊拉克患者的年龄和性别概况

进行了一项病例对照研究，以检查 1014 名伊拉克 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）住院病例和 901 名献血者（对照组）的年龄、性别和 ABO 血型。通过检测患者鼻拭子中的冠状病毒 RNA 来对感染进行分子诊断。与对照组相比，病例的平均年龄显着升高（48.2 ± 13.8 岁与 29.9 ± 9.0 岁；概率 [p] < 0.001）。接受者操作特征分析证明了年龄在 COVID-19 进化中的预测意义（曲线下面积 = 0.858；95% CI：0.841 – 0.875；p < 0.001）。在病例（60.4 对 39.6%）和对照组（56 对 44%）中，男性的人数多于女性。按年龄组（< 30、30 – 39、40 – 49 和≥ 50 岁）分层显示，48.3% 的病例聚集在≥ 50 岁的年龄组中。ABO 血型分析显示，A 组在病例中最常见，而 O 组在对照组中最常见（分别为 35.5% 和 36.7%）。血型 A（35.5 对 32.7；校正 p [pc] = 0.021）、A+AB（46.3 对 41.7%；pc = 0.021）和 A+B+AB（68.0 对 63.3%；pc = 0.007）与对照组相比，病例的频率显着升高。Logistic 回归分析估计血型 A 的优势比 (OR) 为 1.53（95% 置信区间 [CI]：1.16 - 2.02）、1.48（95% CI：1.14 - 1.93）和 1.50（95% CI：1.17 - 1.82） ，A+AB 和 A+B+AB，分别。血型频率在病例或对照的年龄组之间没有显着差异。关于性别，与女性病例相比，男性病例的 A 组频率增加（39.9 对 28.9%），O 组频率降低（25.9 对 41.0%）。对男性和女性病例中 ABO 血型的独立重新分析表明，与男性对照组相比，男性病例的 A 组增加（39.9 对 33.1%；OR = 1.65；95% CI：1.24 - 2.21；pc = 0.006）。相反，病例和对照组的女性之间没有发现显着差异。研究结果表明，A 型血可能与患 COVID-19 的风险增加有关，尤其是在男性中。