Type 2 diabetes in obese (≥ 25 and ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients is the foremost cause of cardiovascular complications like stroke, osteoarthritis, cancers (endometrial, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, and prostate), and vascular complications like diabetic neuropathy, diabetic and retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. It is recognized as a global burden disorder with high prevalence in middle-income nations which might lead to a double burden on health care professionals. Hence, this review emphasizes on understanding the complexity and vital signaling tracts involved in diabetic complications for effective treatment. Type 2 diabetes in overweight patients induces the creation of specific ROS that further leads to changes in cellular proliferation, hypothalamus, and fringe. The resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings are mainly involved in the progression of central and fringe changes such as insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic patients. The overexpression of these signals might lead to the rapid progression of diabetic vascular complications induced by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, and cyclooxygenase-mediated chemicals. Until now, there has been no curative treatment for diabetes. Therefore, to effectively treat complications of type 2 diabetes, the researchers need to concentrate on the molecular mechanisms and important signaling tracts involved. In this review, we suggested the molecular mechanism of STZ-HFD induced type 2 diabetes and the vital roles of resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings in central, fringe changes, and development diabetic complications for its effective treatment.

中文翻译：

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抵抗素、TLR 4 和 NF-κB 在治疗 2 型糖尿病并发症中的分子机制和重要作用

肥胖（≥ 25 和 ≥ 30 kg/m2）患者的 2 型糖尿病是心血管并发症的首要原因，如中风、骨关节炎、癌症（子宫内膜、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、肾癌、结肠癌和前列腺癌）和血管并发症如糖尿病神经病变、糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病肾病。它被认为是一种在中等收入国家流行的全球性负担障碍，可能导致医疗保健专业人员的双重负担。因此，本综述强调了解糖尿病并发症中涉及的复杂性和重要信号通路，以进行有效治疗。超重患者的 2 型糖尿病会诱导产生特定的 ROS，进而导致细胞增殖、下丘脑和边缘的变化。抵抗素，TLR4，和 NF-κB 信号主要参与糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗和炎症等中枢和边缘变化的进展。这些信号的过度表达可能导致由促炎细胞因子、趋化因子、白细胞介素和环氧合酶介导的化学物质的释放引起的糖尿病血管并发症的快速进展。到目前为止，还没有治愈糖尿病的方法。因此，为了有效治疗 2 型糖尿病的并发症，研究人员需要专注于所涉及的分子机制和重要的信号通路。在这篇综述中，我们提出了 STZ-HFD 诱导 2 型糖尿病的分子机制以及抵抗素、TLR4 和 NF-κB 信号在中心、边缘变化和发展糖尿病并发症中的重要作用，以对其进行有效治疗。