The tunable cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoONPs) are produced due to the phytochemicals present in Rhamnus virgata (RhV) leaf extract which functions as reducing and stabilization agents. The synthesis of CoONPs was confirmed using different analytical techniques: UV–Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamics light scatterings (DLS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X‐ray, and Raman spectroscopy analyses. Furthermore, multiple biological activities were performed. Significant antifungal and antibacterial potentials have been reported. The in vitro cytotoxic assays of CoONPs revealed strong anticancer activity against human hepatoma HUH‐7 (IC₅₀: 33.25 μg/ml) and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 (IC₅₀: 11.62 μg/ml) cancer cells. Dose‐dependent cytotoxicity potency was confirmed against Leishmania tropica (KMH₂₃); amastigotes (IC₅₀: 58.63 μg/ml) and promastigotes (IC₅₀: 32.64 μg/ml). The biocompatibility assay using red blood cells (RBCs; IC₅₀: 4,636 μg/ml) has confirmed the bio‐safe nature of CoONPs. On the whole, results revealed nontoxic nature of RhV‐CoONPs with promising biological potentials.

中文翻译：

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鼠李叶提取物氧化钴纳米粒子的植物制备及不同生物活性研究

可调谐氧化钴纳米粒子 (CoONP) 是由于鼠李(RhV) 叶提取物中存在的植物化学物质而产生的，其作用是作为还原剂和稳定剂。使用不同的分析技术证实了 CoONPs 的合成：UV-Vis 光谱、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、动态光散射 (DLS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、能量色散 X射线和拉曼光谱分析。此外，还进行了多种生物活性。已经报道了显着的抗真菌和抗菌潜力。CoONPs 的体外细胞毒性试验显示对人肝癌 HUH-7 (IC ₅₀ : 33.25 μg/ml) 和肝细胞癌 HepG2 (IC₅₀ : 11.62 μg/ml) 癌细胞。证实了对热带利什曼原虫(KMH ₂₃ ) 的剂量依赖性细胞毒性效力；无鞭毛体(IC ₅₀ : 58.63 μg/ml) 和前鞭毛体 (IC ₅₀ : 32.64 μg/ml)。使用红细胞 (RBCs; IC ₅₀ : 4,636 μg/ml)的生物相容性试验证实了 CoONPs 的生物安全性。总的来说，结果揭示了具有良好生物学潜力的 RhV-CoONPs 的无毒性质。