The Enneagram is a typology that many clients use to understand their personality and interpersonal patterns, despite some concerns about its validity. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and clinician‐friendly review of the extant empirical work on the Enneagram. After reviewing 104 independent samples, we found mixed evidence of reliability and validity. In terms of strengths, some factor analytic work has shown partial alignment with prior theorizing, and subscales show theory‐consistent relationships with other constructs such as the Big 5. Also, several studies found the Enneagram was helpful for personal/spiritual growth. However, factor analytic work has typically found fewer than nine factors, and no work has used clustering techniques to derive the nine types. Also, there is little research supporting secondary aspects of Enneagram theory, such as wings and intertype movement. We conclude by highlighting directions for future research and implications for clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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九型人格：对文献和未来研究方向的系统回顾

九型人格是许多客户用来了解他们的个性和人际关系模式的类型学，尽管对其有效性有些担忧。因此，本综述的目的是对九型人格的现有实证工作进行全面的、对临床医生友好的综述。在审查了 104 个独立样本后，我们发现了信度和效度的混合证据。在优势方面，一些因素分析工作显示与先前的理论部分一致，并且分量表显示与其他结构（如大 5）的理论一致关系。此外，几项研究发现九型人格有助于个人/精神成长。然而，因子分析工作发现的因子通常少于 9 个，并且没有任何工作使用聚类技术来推导这 9 种类型。还，很少有研究支持九型人格理论的次要方面，例如翅膀和类型间运动。最后，我们强调了未来研究的方向和对临床实践的影响。