Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss, typically affecting individuals from mid-life onwards. Its multifactorial aetiology and the lack of any effective treatments has spurred the development of animal models as research and drug discovery tools. Several rodent models have been developed which recapitulate key features of AMD and provide insights into its underlying pathology. These have contributed to making significant progress in understanding the disease and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. However, a major caveat with existing models is that they do not demonstrate the full disease spectrum. In this review, we outline advances in rodent AMD models from the last decade. These models feature various hallmarks associated with AMD, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, immune dysregulation, genetic mutations and environmental risk factors. The review summarises the methods by which each model was created, its pathological characteristics as well as its relation to the disease in humans.

年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是不可逆的中枢视力丧失的主要原因，通常从中年开始影响个人。其多方面的病因和缺乏任何有效的治疗方法已刺激了动物模型作为研究和药物发现工具的发展。已经开发了几种啮齿动物模型，这些模型概括了AMD的关键特征并提供了其潜在病理学的见解。这些都有助于在了解疾病和鉴定新的治疗靶标方面取得重大进展。但是，现有模型的一个主要警告是它们并未显示出完整的疾病谱。在这篇评论中，我们概述了过去十年来啮齿类AMD模型的进展。这些模型具有与AMD相关的各种标志，包括氧化应激，缺氧，免疫失调，遗传突变和环境危险因素。综述总结了创建每种模型的方法，其病理特征以及与人类疾病的关系。