This study focused on evaluating the lubricity of diesel–biodiesel fuel with oxygenated alcoholic and nano-particle additives. Fuel injection system lubrication depended primarily on the fuel used in the diesel engine. Palm–sesame oil blend was used to produce biodiesel using the ultrasound-assisted technique. B30 fuel sample as a base fuel was blended with fuel additives in different proportions prior to tribological behavior analysis. The lubricity of fuel samples measured using HFRR in accordance with the standard method ASTM D6079. All tested fuels’ Tribological behavior examined through worn steel balls and plates using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess wear scar diameter and surface morphology. During the test run, the friction coefficient was measured directly by the HFRR tribometer system. The results exhibited that B10 (diesel) had a very poor coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter, among other tested fuels. The addition of oxygenated alcohol (ethanol) as a fuel additive in the B30 fuel sample decreased the lubricity of fuel and increased the wear and friction coefficient, among other fuel additives. B30 with DMC showed the least wear scar diameter among all tested fuels. B30 with nanoparticle TiO exhibited the best results with the least wear scar diameter and lowest friction coefficient among all other fuel samples. B30+DMC demonstrated significant improvement in engine performance (BTE) and carbon emissions compared to different tested samples. B30+TiO also showed considerable improvement in engine characteristics.

中文翻译：

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酒精和纳米颗粒添加剂对柴油-棕榈-芝麻-生物柴油混合物摩擦学性能的影响

本研究的重点是评估含有氧化酒精和纳米颗粒添加剂的柴油-生物柴油燃料的润滑性。燃油喷射系统的润滑主要取决于柴油发动机中使用的燃油。棕榈油与芝麻油的混合物被用来利用超声波辅助技术生产生物柴油。在摩擦学行为分析之前，将 B30 燃料样品作为基础燃料与不同比例的燃料添加剂混合。根据标准方法 ASTM D6079 使用 HFRR 测量燃料样品的润滑性。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 通过磨损的钢球和钢板检查所有测试燃料的摩擦学行为，以评估磨痕直径和表面形态。在试运行期间，摩擦系数由HFRR摩擦试验系统直接测量。结果表明，与其他测试的燃料相比，B10（柴油）的摩擦系数和磨痕直径非常差。在 B30 燃料样品中添加氧化酒精（乙醇）作为燃料添加剂会降低燃料的润滑性，并增加磨损和摩擦系数等燃料添加剂。含有 DMC 的 B30 在所有测试的燃料中表现出最小的磨痕直径。在所有其他燃料样品中，含有纳米颗粒 TiO 的 B30 表现出最佳结果，具有最小的磨痕直径和最低的摩擦系数。与不同的测试样品相比，B30+DMC 在发动机性能 (BTE) 和碳排放方面表现出显着改善。B30+TiO 还显示出发动机特性的显着改善。